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Genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses in Thai swine farms, 2011–2014

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Abstract

The pig is known as a “mixing vessel” for influenza A viruses. The co-circulation of multiple influenza A subtypes in pig populations can lead to novel reassortant strains. For this study, swine influenza surveillance was conducted from September 2011 to February 2014 on 46 swine farms in Thailand. In total, 78 swine influenza viruses were isolated from 2,821 nasal swabs, and 12 were selected for characterization by whole genome sequencing. Our results showed that the co-circulation of swine influenza subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 in Thai swine farms was observable throughout the 3 years of surveillance. Furthermore, we repeatedly found reassortant viruses between endemic swine influenza viruses and pandemic H1N1 2009. This observation suggests that there is significant and rapid evolution of swine influenza viruses in swine. Thus, continuous surveillance is critical for monitoring novel reassortant influenza A viruses in Thai swine populations.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported, in part, by the National Research University Project of the Office of Higher Education Commission (WCU005-HR57), the Ratchadapiseksomphot Endowment Fund of Chulalongkorn University (RES560530129-HR), and the National Research Council of Thailand. The authors would like to thank Chulalongkorn University for its financial support to the Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and for a Dutsadi Phiphat scholarship to NN. We also would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund for its financial support to the TRF Senior Scholar to AA (RTA5780006).

Conflict of interest

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Sunicha Chanvatik, Supassama Chaiyawong, Waleemas Jairak, Supanat Boonyapisusopha, Ranida Tuanudom, Aunyaratana Thontiravong, Napawan Bunpapong & Alongkorn Amonsin

  2. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Sunicha Chanvatik, Supassama Chaiyawong, Waleemas Jairak, Supanat Boonyapisusopha & Alongkorn Amonsin

  3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Aunyaratana Thontiravong

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  1. Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan
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  2. Sunicha Chanvatik
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  6. Ranida Tuanudom
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  8. Napawan Bunpapong
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  9. Alongkorn Amonsin
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Correspondence to Alongkorn Amonsin.

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Nonthabenjawan, N., Chanvatik, S., Chaiyawong, S. et al. Genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses in Thai swine farms, 2011–2014. Virus Genes 50, 221–230 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1153-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1153-x

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