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Genetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus from Punjab, Pakistan

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Abstract

The strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were isolated from five suspected outbreaks of ND in broiler (n = 3) and layers (n = 2) poultry farms. The egg-isolated viruses were subjected to biological and genetic characterization. Based on the biological characterization, isolates showed haemagglutination titer ≥log 27, mean death time <55 h, intracerebral pathogenecity index ≤1.8, and egg lethal dose 50 from 10−7.15 to 10−9.31/1 ml. Genetic characterization of the fusion (F) gene revealed that the isolates clustered with NDV strains of genotype VII (VIIf) within class II, which remained predominant genotype in the domestic poultry of Asia. The deduced amino acid sequence of the isolates confirmed virulent motif 112RRQKRF117 at the F protein cleavage site. A bioinformatics and pairwise comparison approach was applied to estimate the synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) and selective evolutionary pressure for the F protein. The dN/dS calculated for genotype VII indicate purifying selection, which resulted in a low evolution rate in F gene. The F protein shows a strong negative pressure throughout the length of the protein and no recombination event was determined. Collectively, the results suggest that very similar virulent strains of NDV are involved during current wave of disease outbreak throughout the country. From these results, in conjunction with our recent reports of NDV from Pakistan, it is possible to conclude that emergence of novel group may require revisiting the diagnostics and vaccine control strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge field veterinarians and poultry farmers for their help in sample collection. Additionally, help of Muhammad Arshad and Imran Shafique in sample processing and Martí Cortéy in evolutionary analysis is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zubair Shabbir

  2. Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abbas

  3. WTO-Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tahir Yaqub, Nadia Mukhtar & Hasham Habib

  4. Veterinary Officer Health, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Atta Subhani

  5. Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umar Sohail

  6. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

    Muhammad Munir

Authors
  1. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
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  2. Muhammad Abbas
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  3. Tahir Yaqub
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  4. Nadia Mukhtar
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  5. Atta Subhani
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  6. Hasham Habib
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  7. Muhammad Umar Sohail
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  8. Muhammad Munir
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Munir.

Additional information

Muhammad Zubair Shabbir and Muhammad Abbas equally contributed as first authors.

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Shabbir, M.Z., Abbas, M., Yaqub, T. et al. Genetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus from Punjab, Pakistan. Virus Genes 46, 309–315 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0862-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0862-2

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