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Genomic sequence analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

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Abstract

The genome of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was completely sequenced. The size of the Helicoverpa armigera granulovirus (HearGV) genome is 169,794 nt containing 179 open reading frames (ORFs), making it the second largest baculovirus genome analyzed to date. The genomes of HearGV and the Xestia c-nigrum GV (XecnGV) exhibit extensive sequence similarity and co-linearity, with both genomes containing the same nine homologous regions (hrs) with conserved structure and locations and sharing 167 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic inference and pairwise analysis of Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide distances for the lef-8, lef-9, and granulin genes indicate that HearGV is part of a cluster of granuloviruses typified by XecnGV. The HearGV genome contains all 62 ORFs found in common among other fully sequenced lepidopteran baculovirus genomes, as well as seven ORFs unique to HearGV. In addition, HearGV and XecnGV genomes share 20 ORFs not found among other baculovirus genomes sequenced to date. In addition to possessing ten ORFs with sequence similarity to baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro), the HearGV genome contains members of two other gene families with homologues in ascovirus, nucleopolyhedrovirus, and entomopoxvirus genomes. Alignment of the HearGV and XecnGV genome sequences revealed that HearGV is missing approximately 16.6 kbp of XecnGV-homologous sequence and contains approximately 8.2 kbp of sequence not found in the XecnGV genome.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Tad Sonstegard (USDA-ARS, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory) for the use of his GeneMachines Hydroshear, Jing Hu (USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory) and Stephen Rehner (USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory) for assistance with sequencing, and Sandra Brandt (USDA-ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory) for assistance with fosmid cloning. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Building 011A, Room 214, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Robert L. Harrison

  2. Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA

    Holly J. R. Popham

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Correspondence to Robert L. Harrison.

Additional information

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession number EU255577.

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Harrison, R.L., Popham, H.J.R. Genomic sequence analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera . Virus Genes 36, 565–581 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0218-0

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