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Response of Betula glandulosa seedlings to simulated increases in nutrient availability, temperature and precipitation in a lichen woodland at the forest–tundra ecotone

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Abstract

Over the last few decades, shrub species have expanded rapidly in open tundra environments due to climate change. Previous experimental studies in this environment have shown that nutrient addition and, to a lesser extent, warming, had positive effects on shrub growth. However, the response of shrub species in open forested ecosystems such as lichen woodland is still largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Betula glandulosa (Michx., dwarf birch) seedlings subjected to direct (warmer temperature, increased precipitation) and indirect (increased nutrient availability) effects of climate change in a lichen woodland (25 % tree cover). The study took place 10 km south of the subarctic treeline in western Québec (Canada). At the end of the second growth season, seedling leaf, woody stem and root biomass along with leaf area had increased significantly in response to nutrient addition. Moreover, seedlings exposed to nutrient addition had greater nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in their leaves. Warming treatment also had a significant but weaker impact on leaf and woody stem biomass, while increase in precipitation had only a slight impact on seedling root biomass. Our results indicate that B. glandulosa response to simulated changes in the abiotic environment is similar to that observed in open tundra, suggesting that this species could also become more widespread in the forested ecosystems of the forest–tundra ecotone.

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Acknowledgments

This research project was funded in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and by the Northern Research Chair on Disturbance Ecology. The authors would like to thank S. Angers-Blondin, M.-P. Denis, G. Dufour-Tremblay and A. Truchon-Savard for their assistance in the field and the Centre d’études nordiques for logistical support.

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  1. Département de biologie et Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

    Mélissa Paradis, Caroline Mercier & Stéphane Boudreau

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  1. Mélissa Paradis
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  2. Caroline Mercier
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  3. Stéphane Boudreau
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Correspondence to Stéphane Boudreau.

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Communicated by Lesley Rigg.

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Paradis, M., Mercier, C. & Boudreau, S. Response of Betula glandulosa seedlings to simulated increases in nutrient availability, temperature and precipitation in a lichen woodland at the forest–tundra ecotone. Plant Ecol 215, 305–314 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0299-x

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