Abstract
A 49-day fully randomized trial was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil (CEO) on growth performance and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in broilers under heat stress. A total of 288 male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 6 dietary groups (4 replicates and 12 birds/replicate) and supplemented as follows: (I) Normal control (NC) received only basal diet under normal condition. The rest of the animals were challenged with heat and assigned to the following groups: (II) Heat stress control (HSC) received only basal diet; (III) Standard treatment (ST) received basal diet + vit E (100 ppm); (IV–VI) Herbal treatments (HT) received basal diet + 250, 350, and 450 ppm CEO. Heat stress could significantly decrease the animals’ performance and induce severe oxidative/nitrosative stress. The HT at the middle dose could significantly improve body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake compared to HSC; however, none of the treatments had a significant effect on feed conversion ratio after inducing heat stress. Moreover, both ST and HT with a trend towards concentration-dependent fashion significantly contributed to normalization of oxidative/nitrosative biomarkers. It appears that CEO is a potential replacement for synthetic antioxidants in broiler diets.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abd El-Hack, M.E. et al., 2020. Herbs as thermoregulatory agents in poultry: An overview, Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134399
Akbari, M., and Torki, M., 2014. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions, International Journal of Biometeorology, 58, 1383-1391
Alizadeh, M.R. et al., 2015. Effects of different levels of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) on yolk biochemical parameters and fatty acids profile, yolk oxidative stability, and ovarian follicle numbers of laying hens receiving different n-6 to n-3 ratios, Animal Feed Science Technology 206, 67-75
Al-Mufarrej, S., Al-Baadani, H., and Fazea, E., 2019. Effect of level of inclusion of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) powder in the diet on growth and histological changes in the intestines and livers of broiler chickens, South African Journal of Animal Science, 49, 166-175
Al-Sultan, S. et al., 2019. Alleviation of chronic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of novel feed additive combinations, Slovenian Veterinary Research, 56,
Altan, Ö. et al., 2003. Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers, British Poultry Science, 44, 545-550
Batiha, G.E.-S. et al., 2020. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities, Biomolecules, 10, 202
Buege, J.A., and Aust, S.D., 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. In: S. Fleischer and L. Packer (eds), Methods in Enzymology, 1978, (Academic Press, 302-310
Burney, S. et al., 1999. The chemistry of DNA damage from nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 424, 37-49
Cortés-Rojas, D.F., de Souza, C.R.F., and Oliveira, W.P., 2014. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice, Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 4, 90-96
Dalkiliç, B., and Güler, T., 2009. The effects of clove extract supplementation on performance and digestibility of nutrients in broilers, Fırat University Veterinary Journal of Health Sciences, 23, 161-166
Dalloul, R. et al., 2006. Immunopotentiating effect of a Fomitella fraxinea-derived lectin on chicken immunity and resistance to coccidiosis, Poultry Science, 85, 446-451
Ding, A.H., Nathan, C.F., and Stuehr, D.J., 1988. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production, Journal of Immunology, 141, 2407-2412
Gandomani, V.T. et al., 2014. Effects of different levels of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) on performance, intestinal microbial colonization, jejunal morphology, and immunocompetence of laying hens fed different n-6 to n-3 ratios, Livestock Science, 167, 236-248
Gopi, M. et al., 2014. Essential oils as a feed additive in poultry nutrition, Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 2, 1-7
Habibi, R., Sadeghi, G., and Karimi, A., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of ginger root powder and its essential oil on growth performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler chicks under heat stress, British Poultry Science, 55, 228-237
Hussein, M.M. et al., 2018. Effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil on quail growth, carcass traits, blood components, meat quality, and intestinal microbiota, Poultry Science, 98, 319-329
Levine, R.L. et al., 1990. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods in Enzymology, 1990, (Academic Press, 464-478
Mahrous, H.S. et al., 2017. Effects of Different Levels of Clove Bud (Syzygium aromaticum) Dietary Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Performance in Broiler Chickens, Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 54,
Mehr, M.A. et al., 2014. Supplementation of clove essential oils and probiotic to the broiler’s diet on performance, carcass traits and blood components, Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 4, 117-122
Mohammadi, Z., Ghazanfari, S., and Moradi, M.A., 2014. Effect of supplementing clove essential oil to the diet on microflora population, intestinal morphology, blood parameters and performance of broilers, Europian Poultry Science, 78, 1-11
Nagababu, E. et al., 2010. Assessment of antioxidant activity of eugenol in vitro and in vivo, Methods Molecular Biology, 610, 165-180
Nazarizadeh, A., and Asri-Rezaie, S., 2016. Comparative study of antidiabetic activity and oxidative stress induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate in diabetic rats, AAPS PharmSciTech, 17, 834-843
Nutrition, N.R.C.C.o.A., 1971. Nutrient requirements of poultry, (National Academies)
Oso, A.O. et al., 2019. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens, Poultry Science, 98, 4755-4766
Petrovic, V. et al., 2012. The effect of supplementation of clove and agrimony or clove and lemon balm on growth performance, antioxidant status and selected indices of lipid profile of broiler chickens, Journal of Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition 96, 970-977
Selvam, R. et al., 2018. Alleviation of Heat Stress by a Polyherbal Formulation, Phytocee™: Impact on Zootechnical Parameters, Cloacal Temperature, and Stress Markers, Pharmacognosy Research, 10, 1-8
Tekce, E., and Gül, M., 2016. Effects of Origanum syriacum essential oil added in different levels to the diet of broilers under heat stress on performance and intestinal histology, European Poultry Science, 80, 1-11
Wang, L. et al., 2008. Effects of Forsythia suspensa extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant activities in broiler chickens under high ambient temperature, Poultry Science, 87, 1287-1294
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohammadi, F. Effect of different levels of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on growth performance and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in broilers under heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02517-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02517-x