Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nanoselenium supplementation at 0, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg of diet on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and jejunal morphology of 29-d-old male broilers subjected to heat stress at 37 ± 1°C for 14 d. Broilers were fed for 42 d on the experimental diets. The results showed that nanoselenium supplementation had no effect on growth performance, but it supplementation at the rate of 1.2 mg/kg diet decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol prior to the heat exposure. Further, dietary nanoselenium supplementation linearly increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, while linearly decreased those of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum before applying heat stress. Compared with thermoneutral temperature, heat stress reduced body mass gain, feed intake, percentages of carcass, breast, leg, abdominal fat, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, antibody response against sheep red blood cells, serum concentration of protein, erythrocyte activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, jejunal villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio, while increased feed conversion ratio, percentages of liver, gizzard, pancreas, gallbladder, heart, and the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde. Dietary supplementation of nanoselenium linearly reduced the abdominal fat and liver percentages, while linearly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and villus height in heat-stressed broilers. Furthermore, the lower level of nanoselenium decreased the percentages of gizzard and heart in broilers under heat stress. The diet supplemented with 1.2 mg/kg nanoselenium improved feed conversion ratio and increased antibody response against sheep red blood cells, activity of superoxide dismutase, and villus height to crypt depth ratio, but decreased the serum concentrations of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde in heat-stressed broilers. The results suggest that supplemental nanoselenium improved growth performance, internal organs health, immune response, and jejunal morphology by alleviating the oxidative stress induced by heat stress.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Renaudeau D, Collin A, Yahav S, De Basilio V, Gourdine J, Collier R (2012) Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal 6:707–728. doi:10.1017/S1751731111002448
Habibian M, Ghazi S, Moeini MM, Abdolmohammadi A (2014) Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on immune response and biological blood parameters of broilers reared under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions. Int J Biometeorol 58:741–752. doi:10.1007/s00484-013-0654-y
Hosseini-Vashan S, Golian A, Yaghobfar A (2015) Growth, immune, antioxidant, and bone responses of heat stress-exposed broilers fed diets supplemented with tomato pomace. Int J Biometeorol. doi:10.1007/s00484-015-1112-9
Perai AH, Kermanshahi H, Nassiri Moghaddam H, Zarban A (2015) Effects of chromium and chromium + vitamin C combination on metabolic, oxidative, and fear responses of broilers transported under summer conditions. Int J Biometeorol 59:453–462. doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0860-2
Mehdi Y, Hornick JL, Istasse L, Dufrasne I (2013) Selenium in the environment, metabolism and involvement in body functions. Molecules 18:3292–3311. doi:10.3390/molecules18033292
Cantor AH, Moorhead PD, Musser MA (1982) Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults. Poult Sci 61:478–484. doi:10.3382/ps.0610478
Fischer J, Bosse A, Pallauf J (2008) Effect of selenium deficiency on the antioxidative status and muscle damage in growing turkeys. Arch Anim Nutr 62:485–497. doi:10.1080/17450390802453468
Mohapatra P, Swain RK, Mishra SK, Behera T, Swain P, Mishra SS, Behura NC, Sabat SC, Sethy K, Dhama K, Jayasankar P (2014) Effects of dietary nano-selenium on tissue selenium deposition, antioxidant status and immune functions in layer chicks. Int J Pharmacol 10:160–167
Yu J, Yao H, Gao X, Zhang Z, Wang JF, Xu SW (2015) The role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in intestinal damage induced by selenium deficiency in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 163:144–153. doi:10.1007/s12011-014-0164-8
Huang JQ, Ren FZ, Jiang YY, Xiao C, Lei XG (2015) Selenoproteins protect against avian nutritional muscular dystrophy by metabolizing peroxides and regulating redox/apoptotic signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 83:129–138. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.033
Yang Z, Liu C, Zheng W, Teng X, Li S (2016) The functions of antioxidants and heat shock proteins are altered in the immune organs of selenium-deficient broiler chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 169:341–351. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0407-3
Temim S, Chagneau AM, Peresson R, Tesseraud S (2000) Chronic heat exposure alters protein turnover of three different skeletal muscles in finishing broiler chickens fed 20 or 25% protein diets. J. Nutr 130:813–819
Sahin K, Sahin N, Kucuk O, Hayirli A, Prasad AS (2009) Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry: a review. Poult Sci 88:2176–2183. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00560
Lymbury RS, Marino MJ, Perkins AV (2010) Effect of dietary selenium on the progression of heart failure in the ageing spontaneously hypertensive rat. Mol Nutr Food Res 54:1436–1444. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000012
Liu LL, He JH, Xie HB, Yang YS, Li JC, Zou Y (2014) Resveratrol induces antioxidant and heat shock protein mRNA expression in response to heat stress in black-boned chickens. Poult. Sci. 93:54–62. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03423
Lyons MP, Papazyan TT, Surai PF (2007) Selenium in food chain and animal nutrition: Lessons from nature. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 20:1135–1155. doi:10.5713/ajas.2007.1135
NRC (1994) Nutrient requirement for poultry, 9th edn. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 62
Wang Y (2009) Differential effects of sodium selenite and nano-Se on growth performance, tissue Se distribution, and glutathione peroxidase activity of avian broiler. Biol Trace Elem Res 128:184–190. doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8264-y
Rahimi S, Farhadi D, Valipouri AR (2011) Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and vitamin E on broiler performance and carcass characteristics in heat stress condition. Vet J 91:25–35
Boostani A, Sadeghi AA, Mousavi SN, Chamani M, Kashan N (2015) Effects of organic, inorganic, and nano-Se on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens exposed to oxidative stress. Livest Sci 178:330–336. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.004
Hu CH, Li YL, Xiong L, Zhang HM, Song J, Xia MS (2012) Comparative effects of nano elemental selenium and sodium selenite on selenium retention in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 177:204–210. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.08.010
da Silva IC, Ribeiro AM, Canal CW, Trevizan L, Macagnan M, Gonçalves TA, Hlavac NR, De Almeida LL, Pereira RA (2010) The impact of organic and inorganic selenium on the immune system of growing broilers submitted to immune stimulation and heat stress. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 12:247–254. doi:10.1590/S1516-635X2010000400005
Niu Z, Liu F, Yan Q, Li L (2009) Effects of different levels of selenium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Arch Anim Nutr 63:56–65. doi:10.1080/17450390802611610
Nelson N, Lakshmanan N, Lamont S (1995) Sheep red blood cell and Brucella abortus antibody responses in chickens selected for multitrait immunocompetence. Poult Sci 74:1603–1609. doi:10.3382/ps.0741603
Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Shimada T, Mori M (1979) Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated-oxygen toxicity in the blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 135:372–376. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(79)90708-7
Hajati H, Hassanabadi A, Golian AG, Nassiri-Moghaddam H, Nassiri MR (2015) The effect of grape seed extract and vitamin c feed supplements carcass characteristics, gut morphology and ileal microflora in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Iran J Appl Anim Sci 5(1):155–165
Cai SJ, Wu CX, Gong LM, Song T, Wu H, Zhang LY (2012) Effects of nano-selenium on performance, meat quality, immune function, oxidation resistance, and tissue selenium content in broilers. Poult Sci 91:2532–2539. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02160
Liu S, Tan H, Wei S, Zhao J, Yang L, Li S, Zhong C, Yin Y, Chen Y, Peng Y (2015) Effect of selenium sources on growth performance and tissue selenium retention in yellow broiler chicks. J Appl Anim Res 43:487–490. doi:10.1080/09712119.2014.978780
Zhou X, Wang Y (2011) Influence of dietary nano elemental selenium on growth performance, tissue selenium distribution, meat quality, and glutathione peroxidase activity in Guangxi Yellow chicken. Poult Sci 90:680–686. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-00977
Thomson C (1998) Selenium speciation in human body fluids. Analyst 123:827–831. doi:10.1039/A707292I
Surai P (2016) Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase. J Anim Nutr 1(1):8
Lambert GP (2009) Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects. J Anim Sci 87(E. Suppl):E101–E108. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1339
Liu L, Fu C, Yan M, Xie H, Li S, Yu Q, He S, He J (2016) Resveratrol modulates intestinal morphology and jejunal mucosa HSP70/90, NF-κB and EGF expression in black-boned chicken exposure to circular heat stress. Food Funct 7:1329–1338. doi:10.1039/C5FO01338K
Pigeolet E, Corbisier P, Houbion A, Lambert D, Michiels C, Raes M, Zachary MD, Remacle J (1990) Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase inactivation by peroxides and oxygen derived free radicals. Mech Ageing Dev 51:283–297. doi:10.1016/0047-6374(90)90078-T
Hermier D (1997) Lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry. J Nutr 127:805S–808S
Sands J, Smith M (1999) Broilers in heat stress conditions: effects of dietary manganese proteinate or chromium picolinate supplementation. J Appl Poult Res 8:280–287. doi:10.1093/japr/8.3.280
Dai S, Gao F, Zhang W, Song S, Xu X, Zhou G (2011) Effects of dietary glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on performance, carcass characteristics and serum parameters in broilers under circular heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Technol 168:51–60. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.005
Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Hwang IS, Lee YJ, An BS, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Kang BC, Hwang DY (2012) Selenium significantly inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and abdominal fat accumulation in OLETF rats via induction of fatty acid β-oxidation. Biol Trace Elem Res 150:360–370. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9519-1
Kim CY, Kim GN, Wiacek JL, Chen CY, Kim KH (2012) Selenate inhibits adipogenesis through induction of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 426:551–557. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.125
Lu Q, Wen J, Zhang H (2007) Effect of chronic heat exposure on fat deposition and meat quality in two genetic types of chicken. Poult Sci 86:1059–1064. doi:10.1093/ps/86.6.1059
Tanguy S, Grauzam S, De Leiris J, Boucher F (2012) Impact of dietary selenium intake on cardiac health: experimental approaches and human studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 56:1106–1121. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100766
Bashir N, Manoharan V, Miltonprabu S (2016) Grape seed proanthocyanidins protects against cadmium induced oxidative pancreatitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. J Nutr Biochem 32:128–141. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.001
Hai L, Rong D, Zhang ZY (2000) The effect of thermal environment on the digestion of broilers. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim Nutr 83:57–64. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2000.00223.x
Thompson JN, Scott ML (1970) Impaired lipid and vitamin E absorption related to atrophy of the pancreas in selenium-deficient chicks. J Nutr 100:797–809
Li JL, Li HX, Li S, Jiang ZH, Xu SW, Tang ZX (2011) Selenoprotein W gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken is affected by dietary selenium. Biometals 24:291–299. doi:10.1007/s10534-010-9395-0
Selim NA, Radwan NL, Youssef SF, Eldin TS, Elwafa SA (2015) Effect of Inclusion Inorganic, Organic or Nano Selenium Forms in Broiler Diets On: 2-Physiological, Immunological and Toxicity Statuses of Broiler Chicks. Int J Poult Sci 14:144–155
Liu CP, Fu J, Xu FP, Wang XS, Li S (2015) The role of heat shock proteins in oxidative stress damage induced by Se deficiency in chicken livers. Biometals 28:163–173. doi:10.1007/s10534-014-9812-x
Amin KA, Hashem KS, Alshehri FS, Awad ST, Hassan MS (2016) Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Efficiency of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi:10.1007/s12011-016-0748-6
Imik H, Kaynar O, Ozkanlar S, Gumus R, Polat H, Ozkanlar Y (2013) Effects of vitamin C and α-lipoid acid dietary supplementations on metabolic adaptation of broilers to heat stress. Rev Méd Vét 164:52–59
Nassir F, Moundras C, Bayle D, Serougne C, Gueux E, Rock E, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur A (1997) Effect of selenium deficiency on hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the rat. Br J Nutr 78:493–500. doi:10.1079/BJN19970166
Dhingra S, Bansal MP (2006) Modulation of hypercholesterolemia-induced alterations in apolipoprotein B and HMG-CoA reductase expression by selenium supplementation. Chem Biol Interact 161:49–56. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2006.02.008
Ness GC, Pendleton LC, Li YC, Chiang JY (1990) Effect of thyroid hormone on hepatic cholesterol 7α hydroxylase, LDL receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase and apolipoprotein AI mRNA levels in hypophysectomized rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172:1150–1156. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91568-D
Dhingra S, Bansal MP (2006) Hypercholesterolemia and LDL receptor mRNA expression: modulation by selenium supplementation. Biometals 19:493–501. doi:10.1007/s10534-005-5393-z
Hossain MS, Afrose S, Takeda I, Tsujii H (2010) Effect of selenium-enriched Japanese radish sprouts and Rhodobacter capsulatus on the cholesterol and immune response of laying hens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 23:630–639. doi:10.5713/ajas.2010.90394
Mashaly M, Hendricks G, Kalama M, Gehad A, Abbas A, Patterson P (2004) Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poult Sci 83:889–894. doi:10.1093/ps/83.6.889
Xu D, Tian Y (2015) Selenium and polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala koidz play different roles in improving the immune response induced by heat stress in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 168:235–241. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0351-2
Liao X, Lu L, Li S, Liu S, Zhang L, Wang G, Li A, Luo X (2012) Effects of selenium source and level on growth performance, tissue selenium concentrations, antioxidation, and immune functions of heat-stressed broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 150:158–165. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9517-3
Placha I, Takacova J, Ryzner M, Cobanova K, Laukova A, Strompfova V, Venglovska K, Faix S (2014) Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers. Br Poult Sci 55:105–114. doi:10.1080/00071668.2013.873772
Rama Rao SV, Prakash B, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam NS, Murthy OK (2013) Effect of supplementing organic selenium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 26:247–252. doi:10.5713/ajas.2012.12299
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Birjand University for financial support of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Safdari-Rostamabad, M., Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Perai, A.H. et al. Nanoselenium Supplementation of Heat-Stressed Broilers: Effects on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Metabolites, Immune Response, Antioxidant Status, and Jejunal Morphology. Biol Trace Elem Res 178, 105–116 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0899-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0899-5