Organocatalytic Application of Direct Organo-Functionalized Mesoporous Catalysts Prepared by Microwave

Abstract

The organic functional groups such as primary and quaternary amine, sulfonic acid, and amino acid, especially l-proline, have been tried to immobilize onto mesoporous materials by the direct synthesis method using microwave. Microwave induced direct functionalization enabled to get well ordered mesoporous structures and stable organic tethered groups with enhanced hydrothermal stability due to more hydrophobic surfaces as well as enhanced activity. The method is also useful for overcoming several shortcomings in the post-synthesis grafting method which suffers from pore blocking at the aperture, and difficulties in controlling the as obtained from the direct co-condensation method had their functional groups spatially loadings, as well as the dispersion of active sites. The organo-functionalized mesoporous silica dispersed on the surface which could play roles as single site catalysts. Direct tethering of organic functional groups was preferably synthesized by microwave, gave morphological control and illustrated superiority in some organocatalytic application such as Knoevenagel and Henry reactions base catalytic reaction, Claisen–Schmidt condensation, and diethyl malonate addition reactions.