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Energy-efficient response time management for embedded databases

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Abstract

Recently, as the amount of data from both the cyber and physical worlds are exploding, database functionalities are increasingly embedded into mobile/embedded systems to provide systematic in situ data services. Such databases, often called embedded databases, are supposed to provide timely data services under various constraints, such as limited time and energy. However, current embedded databases do not support timely and energy-efficient processing of transactions. Further, most existing academic results from real-time and embedded databases depend on the adaptation of quality-of-data (QoD) and admission control techniques to achieve timeliness. However, the range of QoD adaptation is often limited by the requirements of applications. We might consider different tuning knobs exposed by modern embedded systems, such as dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS), since they can be applied to control the latency of transactions without degrading QoD as far as the system is not overloaded. However, since DVFS has only a few discrete voltage/frequency steps, fine-grained control to support desired response time is hard to achieve. In this paper, we present a method of combining the advantages of these two very different control knobs to achieve the energy-efficiency while still supporting fine-grained control of response time of transactions. We formally design the feedback control loop using these two complementing control knobs, and demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by implementing it in a modern embedded device. The experimental results show that our approach closely supports the desired response time of transactions while achieving lower energy consumption compared to baseline approaches.

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Notes

  1. The detail of the testbed is discussed in Sects.  4 and 5.

  2. In the actual search-and-rescue scenario in the building fire, the structural integrity of the building might be checked on a per-second basis (Jiang et al. 2004).

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2014R1A1A1005781).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Embedded Systems, Incheon National University, Inchon, South Korea

    Woochul Kang

  2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Inchon, South Korea

    Jaeyong Chung

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  1. Woochul Kang
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  2. Jaeyong Chung
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Correspondence to Jaeyong Chung.

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Kang, W., Chung, J. Energy-efficient response time management for embedded databases. Real-Time Syst 53, 228–253 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-016-9264-1

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