Abstract
The acclimatization stress is responsible for high mortality in tissue cultured plants, which significantly reduces micropropagation efficiency. In this initial study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5 and 3 mg/L) were supplemented in gerbera culture medium to increase their tolerance to ex vitro stresses. The results revealed that SeNPs were potential gerbera rooting inducers via increasing endogenous auxin (AUX) levels. Accordingly, rooting efficiency on MS medium supplemented with 0.7, 1 and 1.5 mg/L SeNPs was similar to treatment 1 mg/L IBA and was significantly higher than the free-auxin/SeNPs treatment. At concentrations of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/L SeNPs promoted in vitro plantlet growth such as plant height, leaf length, total chlorophyll content, plantlet biomass, which corresponds to high activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as high levels of AUX, cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellin (GA). Furthermore, it is likely that SeNPs increased stomatal density via increased CKs and decreased stomatal aperture via increased abscisic acid (ABA). The stomatal density in 0.7 mg/L SeNPs treatment (473.58 stomata.mm−2) was 2.34-fold higher than 1 mg/L IBA treatment while stomatal aperture was significantly reduced compared to control treatments. However, SeNPs showed inhibitory activity at 3 mg/L with a decrease in shoot–root growth as well as stomatal closure compared with the other treatments. This study indicated that SeNPs improved gerbera plantlet quality by promoting antioxidant defense system activity and endogenous hormone alterations, which resulted in their higher survival and growth under ex vitro conditions.
Key Message
Supplementation of SeNPs in culture medium positively effects on in vitro rooting, stomatal development and biochemical parameters of in vitro gerbera plantlets, conferring their high survival rates and accelerated flowering under ex vitro conditions.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- AUX:
-
Auxin
- BA:
-
6-Benzyladenine
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CKs:
-
Cytokinins
- DM:
-
Dry mass ratio
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GA:
-
Gibberellin
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- BA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA:
-
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SeNPs:
-
Selenium nanoparticles
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology under grant number NCXS01.03/22-24; in vitro gerbera shoots were provided by S.U.N Company. The authors would like to thank Prof. Chendanda Chinnappa (Calgary University) for critical reading of the manuscript.
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DTN and HDK conceptualized, designed the study and wrote manuscript. HDK and NTNM performed experiments and collected data. NQB and NHC synthesized SeNPs and provided related illustrations. NQV, DMD performed biochemical experiments. HTT, DMC, VQL, HTMN participated in interpreting the data and developing the manuscript. All authors discussed and revised the final manuscript.
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Khai, H.D., Mai, N.T.N., Tung, H.T. et al. Selenium nanoparticles as in vitro rooting agent, regulates stomata closure and antioxidant activity of gerbera to tolerate acclimatization stress. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 150, 113–128 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02250-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02250-3