Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different natural ventilation systems and explant types on the growth and volatile compound content of Lippia gracilis cultured in vitro. The treatments consisted of four membrane systems (without membrane, with one, two, and four porous membranes) and two explant types (nodal segments with and without a pair of leaves). The evaluation of growth, photosynthetic pigments and chemical analysis of the volatile fraction were performed at 35 days of cultivation in half strength MS basal medium. Natural ventilation systems significantly influenced the in vitro growth and volatile fraction of L. gracilis. Explants with a pair of leaves obtained the best experimental responses. The natural ventilation system with four membranes provided the best growth parameters and leaf area response of L. gracilis explants with leaves. The photosynthetic pigments decreased with an increase in the number of porous membranes in the culture flask. Variations in the number, content, and profile of volatile compounds under the influence of natural ventilation systems were observed. Major constituents such as ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, carvacrol, and E-caryophyllene, regardless of experimental conditions, were identified. The highest carvacrol and thymol contents were observed in plantlets grown in culture flasks with four porous membranes. To maximize the content of carvacrol and thymol from the in vitro culture of L. gracilis, explants with a pair of leaves and four porous membranes in culture flasks are recommended for use.
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Abbreviations
- GC/MS:
-
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- NMS:
-
No membrane system
- AMS1:
-
Alternative membrane system with one filter
- AMS2:
-
Alternative membrane system with two filters
- AMS4:
-
Alternative membrane system with four filters
- PTFE:
-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- PCA:
-
Principal component analysis
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Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG - Fundação de Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil) (CAPES – Finance Code 001).
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LESL, ACS and FVP performed the laboratory work and the experimental work. SKVB performed the chemical analyses. AAC participated in the statistical analysis. BY participated in the correction of the manuscript. JEBPP wrote and corrected the manuscript. The authors accepted the final version of our manuscript.
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Key message This research reports on the influence of explant type and natural ventilation systems on growth and content of volatile compounds of Lippia gracilis, a threatened medicinal plant. Growth results were higher for explants with leaves and four membranes. The natural ventilation system with four membranes promoted greater accumulation of carvacrol and thymol.
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Lazzarini, L.E.S., Bertolucci, S.K.V., de Carvalho, A.A. et al. Explant type and natural ventilation systems influence growth and content of carvacrol and thymol of Lippia gracilis Schauer. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 137, 33–43 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01548-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01548-5