Abstract
Transformation of plants is a popular tool for modifying various desirable traits. Marker genes, like those encoding for bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS), firefly luciferase (LUC) or jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been shown to be very useful for establishing of efficient transformation protocols. Due to favourable properties such as no need of exogenous substrates and easy visualization, GFP has been found to be superior in to other markers in many cases. However, the use of GFP fluorescence is associated with some obstacles, mostly related to the diminishing of green fluorescence in older tissues, variation in fluorescence levels among different tissues and organs, and occasional interference with other fluorescing compounds in plants. This paper briefly summarizes basic GFP properties and applications, and describes in more detail the contribution of GFP to the establishment, evaluation and improvement of transformation procedures for plants. Moreover, features and possible obstacles associated with monitoring GFP fluorescence are discussed.
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Abbreviations
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- GUS:
-
β-Glucuronidase
- LUC:
-
Firefly luciferase
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- gfp :
-
Green fluorescent protein gene
- uidA :
-
β-Glucuronidase gene
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The authors are grateful to Prof. Yuri Gleba (Icon Genetics, München, Germany) for critical comments and Dr. Jeremy Sweet (NIAB, Cambridge, UK) for kind proof reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants no. 1M06030, 1PO5ME800 and MSM 60076658-06 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic. M. H. gratefully acknowledges the support from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, no. GA ČR-31/H160.
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Hraška, M., Rakouský, S. & Čurn, V. Green fluorescent protein as a vital marker for non-destructive detection of transformation events in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 86, 303–318 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9131-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9131-1