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The role of ethnicity, age and gender in venous thromboembolism

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Abstract

Venous thromboembolism, including both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. In the inexorable progress towards individualization of risk and personalized medicine, several congenital and acquired risk factors have been identified. However, the influence of some demographical variables, especially ethnicity, age and gender, has largely been under appreciated. Although the incidence of venous thromboembolism varies widely among diverse racial/ethnic cohorts, it appears globally highest in Blacks, is intermediate in Caucasians and is lowest in Asians. The incidence and prevalence of venous thromboembolism is also strongly age-related, increasing nearly 90 fold from <15 to >80 years old. Definitive data on the relative frequency of venous thromboembolism across genders is lacking. Some studies report that gender is not an independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism, while others conclude that female gender might be a protective variable. The purpose of this review is to assess the relationship between such demographic variables and venous thromboembolism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sezione di Chimica Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Università di Verona, Ospedale Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy

    Martina Montagnana, Gian Cesare Guidi & Giuseppe Lippi

  2. Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia

    Emmanuel J. Favaloro

  3. Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusione–Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Verona, Verona, Italy

    Massimo Franchini

Authors
  1. Martina Montagnana
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  2. Emmanuel J. Favaloro
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  3. Massimo Franchini
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  4. Gian Cesare Guidi
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  5. Giuseppe Lippi
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Lippi.

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Montagnana, M., Favaloro, E.J., Franchini, M. et al. The role of ethnicity, age and gender in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis 29, 489–496 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-009-0365-8

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