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Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis

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Abstract

Deep venous thrombosis is a frequent, multifactorial disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Most of the time deep venous thrombosis is triggered by the interaction between acquired risk factors, such as hip fracture, pregnancy, and immobility, and hereditary risk factors such as thrombophilias. The mechanisms underlying deep venous thrombosis are not fully elucidated; however, in recent years, important advances have shed light on the role of venous flow, endothelium, platelets, leukocytes, and the interaction between inflammation and hemostasis. It has been described that the alteration of venous blood flow produces endothelial activation, favoring the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes, which, through tissue factor expression and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute to the activation of coagulation, trapping more cells, such as red blood cells. Thus, the concerted interaction of these phenomena allows the formation and growth of the thrombus. In this work, the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis will be described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, 3460000, Talca, Chile

    Simón Navarrete, Carla Solar, Eduardo Fuentes & Iván Palomo

  2. Medicine School, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile

    Roberto Tapia

  3. Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jaime Pereira

Authors
  1. Simón Navarrete
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  2. Carla Solar
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  3. Roberto Tapia
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  4. Jaime Pereira
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  5. Eduardo Fuentes
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  6. Iván Palomo
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Contributions

IP and SN contributed to idea conception. SN and CS participated in writing the manuscript. RT, JP, EF, and IP contributed critical revision of the article. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Iván Palomo.

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Navarrete, S., Solar, C., Tapia, R. et al. Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis. Clin Exp Med 23, 645–654 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-022-00829-w

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