Abstract
Decarbonylation reactions of acetyl metal carbonyls, in particular of organocobalt compounds, and of amides are discussed in view of stabilization/resonance energies. It is found that the archetypal acetylcobalt tetracarbonyl, CH3C(O)Co(CO)4, has ca. 25 kJ mol−1 stabilization, while the corresponding phthalimido- and phenoxy-substituted species have inexplicable destabilization of ca. 8 kJ mol−1. By comparison, the archetypal N,N-dimethylacetamide, CH3C(O)N(CH3)2, has a resonance energy of 71 kJ mol−1.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data and material availability
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Bor G, Dietler UK (1980) Fundamental metal carbonyl equilibria: a quantitative infrared spectroscopic study of the equilibrium between dicobalt octacarbonyl and tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl under carbon monoxide pressure in hexane solution. J Organometal Chem 191:295–302
Ungváry F, Markó L (1994) The equilibrium between acetyl- and methylcobalt tetracarbonyl. Inorg Chim Acta 227:211–213
Ponikvar-Svet M, Liebman JF (in press) In: Gosmini C, Marek I (eds) Patai’s chemistry of functional groups: the chemistry of organocobalt compounds. Wiley, Chichester
Liebman JF, Afeefy HY, Slayden SW (2000). In: Greenberg A, Breneman CM, Liebman JF (eds) The amide linkage: structural significance in chemistry, biochemistry and materials science. Wiley, New York, pp 115–136
Quinkert G, Opitz K, Wiersdorff WW, Weinlich J (1963) Light induced decarbonylation of dissolved ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 1863–1868
Turro NJ, Byers GW, Leermakers PA (1964) Photolysis of tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione. J Am Chem Soc 86:955–956
Ciuhandu G, Tirnaveanu A (1971) Decarbonylation reactions. III. Decarbonylation of formamide and some of its derivatives. Rev Roum Chim 16:1231–1235
Maccoll A, Nagra SS (1971) Catalysis by hydrogen halides in the gas phase. XXII. N,N-dimethylformamide and hydrogen chloride. J Chem Soc B Phys Org 1869–1872
Jensen LB, Hammerum S (2004) The unimolecular reactions of ionized methylacetamides. Eur J Mass Spectrom 10:783–790
Liebman JF, Greenberg A (1974) The origin of rotational barriers in amides and esters. Biophys Chem 1:222–226
George P, Bock CW, Trachtman M (1987). In: Liebman JF, Greenberg A (eds) Molecular structure and energetics: biophysical aspects, vol 4. VCH Publishers Inc, Deerfield Beach, pp 49–70
Wiberg KB, Hadad CM, Rablen PR, Cioslowski J (1992) Substituent effects. 4. Nature of substituent effects at carbonyl groups. J Am Chem Soc 114:8644–8654
Greenberg A, Venanzi CA (1993) Structures and energetics of two bridgehead lactams and their N- and O-protonated forms: an ab initio molecular orbital study. J Am Chem Soc 115:6951–6957
Greenberg A, Moore DT, DuBois TD (1996) Small and medium-sized bridgehead bicyclic lactams: a systematic ab initio molecular orbital study. J Am Chem Soc 118:8658–8668
Greenberg A, DuBois TD (2001) Amide N-oxides: an ab initio molecular orbital study. J Mol Struct 567(568):303–317
Mucsi Z, Tsai A, Szori M, Chass GA, Viskolcz B, Csizmadia IG (2007) A quantitative scale for the extent of conjugation of the amide bond. Amidity percentage as a chemical driving force. J Phys Chem A 111:13245–13254
Glover SA, Rosser AA (2012) Reliable determination of amidicity in acyclic amides and lactams. J Org Chem 77:5492–5502
Liebman JF, Greenberg A (2019) The resonance energy of amides and their radical cations. Struct Chem 30:1631–1634
Wagman DD, Evans WH, Parker VB, Schumm HR, Halow I, Bailey SM, Churney KL, Nuttall RL (1982) The NBS tables of chemical thermodynamic properties: selected values for inorganic and C1 and C2 organic substances in SI units. J Phys Chem Ref Data 11. Suppl 2:1–392
Pedley JB (1994) Thermochemical data and structures of organic compounds. TRC data series, vol 1. TRC, College Station
Dorofeeva OV, Filimonova MA, Marochkin II (2019) Aliphatic amines: a critical analysis of the experimental enthalpies of formation by comparison with theoretical calculations. J Chem Eng Data 64:5630–5647
Guthrie JP (1974) Hydration of carboxamides. Evaluation of the free energy change for addition of water to acetamide and formamide derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 96:3608–3615
Johnson RW, Pearson RG (1971) Kinetics and mechanism of the cleavage reactions of acylmanganese pentacarbonyl and methylmanganese pentacarbonyl. Inorg Chem 10:2091–2095
Nagy-Gergely I, Szalontai G, Ungváry F, Markó L, Moret M, Sironi A, Zucchi C, Sisak A, Tschoerner CM, Martinelli A, Sorkau A, Pályi G (19974) Alkylcobalt carbonyls. Part 12. (Phthalimidomethyl)- and (phenoxymethyl)cobalt carbonyls. Equilibria of CO insertion. Organometallics 16:2740–2742
Galamb V, Pályi G, Ungváry F, Markó L, Boese R, Schmid G (1986) Alkylcobalt carbonyls. 7. (η1-Benzyl)-, (η3-benzyl)-, and (η1-phenylacetyl)cobalt carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 108:3344–3351
Kovács I, Szalontai G, Ungváry F (1996) Carbonylation-decarbonylation reactions of the carbomethoxymethylcobalt complexes CH3O2CCHRCo(CO)3L (R = H, CH2CO2CH3; L = CO, PPh3) and their acyl derivatives. J Organomet Chemistry 524:115–123
Roux MV, Temprado M, Notario R, Verevkin SP, Emel’Yanenko VN, Demasters DE, Liebman JF (2004) The energetics of naphthalene derivatives, III: phenylacetic acid and the isomeric 1- and 2-naphthylacetic acids. Mol Phys 102:1909–1917
Ribeiro da Silva MAV, Ferreira AIMCL, Lima LMSS, Sousa SMM (2008) Thermochemistry of phenylacetic and monochlorophenylacetic acids. J Chem Thermodynam 40:137–145
Craig NC (2003) Campbell’s rule for estimating entropy changes in gas-producing and gas-consuming reactions and related generalizations about entropies and enthalpies. J Chem Educ 80:1432–1436
Jensen WB (2004) Campbell’s rule for estimating entropy changes. J Chem Educ 81:1570
Craig NC (2004) Regarding Campbell’s rule. Reply to comments on p 1570. J Chem Educ 81:1571
Ungváry F (1986) The preparation of acyltetracarbonylcobalt compounds from ketenes and hydridotetracarbonylcobalt. J Organomet Chem 303:251–255
Calderazzo F, Cotton FA (1962) Carbon monoxide insertion reactions. I. Carbonylation of methylmanganese pentacarbonyl and decarbonylation of acetylmanganese pentacarbonyl. Inorg Chem 1:30–36
Lane KR, Sallans L, Squires RR (1985) Hydride transfer to transition-metal carbonyls in the gas phase. The heat of formation of (CO)4FeCHO–. Organometallics 408–410
Liebman JF, SW Slayden (2011) Energetics of organomanganese compounds In Rappoport Z, Marek I (eds) Patai’s chemistry of functional groups: the chemistry of organomanganese compounds. Wiley, Chichester p 171–221
Liebman JF, Slayden SW (2014). In: Rappoport Z, Marek I (eds) Patai’s chemistry of functional groups: the chemistry of organoiron compounds. Wiley, Chichester, pp 45–64
Funding
MPS received financial support from Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS Grant P1-0045, Inorganic Chemistry and Technology).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MP-S: conceptualization, writing. JFL: conceptualization, writing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
We did not perform any experiments when preparing this article, so neither ethics reviews nor informed consent were necessary.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
The current study is dedicated to the memory of the recently deceased Professor László Markó (1928–2022). From his many papers on organocobalt carbonyl species, we have learned much fine science. From his colleagues, we have learned how fine a person he was.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ponikar-Svet, M., Liebman, J.F. Paradoxes and paradigms: the stabilization/resonance energy of some –C(O)– species: acetyl derivatives, metal carbonyls, and amides alike. Struct Chem 34, 51–54 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-022-02023-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-022-02023-w