Abstract
The activity of Solar Cycle 24 has been extraordinarily low. The yearly averaged solar-wind speed is also lower in Cycle 24 than in Cycles 22 and 23. The yearly averaged speed in the rising phase of Cycle 21 is as low as that of Cycle 24, although the solar activity of Cycle 21 is higher than that of Cycle 24. The relationship between the solar-wind temperature and its speed is preserved under the solar-wind conditions of Cycle 24. Previous studies have shown that only a few percent of intense geomagnetic storms (minimum \(\mathrm{Dst} < -100\) nT) were caused by high-speed solar-wind flows from coronal holes. We identify two geomagnetic storms associated with coronal holes within the 19 intense geomagnetic storms that took place in Cycle 24.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory for the list of geomagnetic storms, the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, for the Dst and SYM-H indices, the WSO-SILSO for the SSN data, NASA for the SDO/AIA data, the OMNI data, the ACE/SWICS data in the CDAW, and ESA/NASA for the SOHO/LASCO data.
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15H05815.
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Earth-affecting Solar Transients
Guest Editors: Jie Zhang, Xochitl Blanco-Cano, Nariaki Nitta, and Nandita Srivastava
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Watari, S. Intense Geomagnetic Storms Associated with Coronal Holes Under the Weak Solar-Wind Conditions of Cycle 24. Sol Phys 293, 23 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-018-1248-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-018-1248-y