Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Recontextualization of Science from Lab to School: Implications for Science Literacy

  • Published:
Science & Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Scientists’ science differs remarkably from school science. In order to be taught to students, science is recontextualized from scientific research communities to science classrooms. This paper examines scientific discourse in scientific research communities, and discusses its transformation from an internally-persuasive and authoritative discourse to a purely authoritative discourse under recontextualization. It presents the challenges that recontextualization of science poses for achievement of science literacy goals, and discusses remedial steps that science education community can take to meet them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (1994) Benchmarks for science literacy, Retrieved March 29, 2007 from http://www.project2061.org/publications/bsl/online/bolintro.htm

  • Abd-El-Khalick F (2002) The influence of a philosophy of science course on preservice secondary science teachers’ Views of Nature of Science; Retrieved December, 15, 2006 from http://www.aets.chem.pitt.edu

  • Anderson CW (1999) Inscriptions and science learning. J Res Sci Teach 36(9):973–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson CW (2003) Teaching science for motivation and understanding. Retrieved March 29, 2007 from http://www.msu.edu/course/te/804/Sp05Sec1819/Science05/public/TE402Readings.html

  • Anderson CW, Richmond G (2003) Learning to teach science: building patterns of practice. Unpublished book prospectus. Retrieved March 29, 2007, from http://www.SciRes.educ.msu.edu/TEScience/Index.htm

  • Anderson RD (2002) Reforming science teaching: what research says about inquiry. J Sci Teach Educ 8(4):269–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayelet Baram-Tsabari AY (2005) Text genre as a factor in the formation of scientific literacy. J Res Sci Teach 42(4):403–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin MM (1981) The dialogic imagination. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin MM (1986) Speech genres and other late essays. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks D (2005) On the historical origins of nominalized process in scientific text. Eng Spec Purposes 24(3):347–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrow LH (2006) A brief history of inquiry: from Dewey to Standards. J Sci Teach Educ 17(3):265–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazerman C (1988) Shaping written knowledge. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell RL, Lederman N, Fouad A (2000) Developing and acting upon one’s conception of the nature of science: a follow-up study. J Res Sci Teach 37(6):563–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein B (2000) Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland

    Google Scholar 

  • Brent D (1994) Writing classes, writing genres, and writing textbooks. Retrieved March 29, 2007, from http://www.ucalgary.ca/∼dabrent/art/genre.htm

  • Budiansky S (2001) The trouble with textbooks. Retrieved March 29, 2007, from http://www.project2061.org/newsinfo/research/articles/asee.htm

  • Burbules NC, Bruce BC (2001) Theory and research on teaching as dialogue. In: Richardson V (ed) Handbook of research on teaching. American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Cazden CB (2001) Classroom discourse: the language of teaching and learning. Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceccarelli L (2001) Rhetorical criticism and the rhetoric of science. Western J Comm 65(3):314–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Celik S, Bayrakceken S (2006) The effect of a “science, technology and society” course on prospective teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science. Res Sci Technol Educ 24(2):255–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chinn CA, Malhotra BA (2002) Epistemologically authentic inquiry in schools: a theoretical framework for evaluating inquiry tasks. Sci Educ 86(2):175–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie F (1998) Science and apprenticeship. In: Martin JR, Veel R (eds) Reading science: critical and functional perspectives on discourses of science. Routledge, New York, pp 152–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Clive S (1993) Figuring out a scientific understanding. J Res Sci Teach 30(10):1215–1227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham C, Helms J (1998) Sociology of science as a means to a more authentic, inclusive science education. J Res Sci Teach 35(5):483–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey J (1910) Science as subject-matter and as method. Science 31:121–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle W (1983) Academic work. Rev Educ Res 53:159–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Duschl RA (2006) The elementary level science methods course: breeding ground of an apprehension toward science? A case study. J Res Sci Teach 20(8):745–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyson AH (1993) Social worlds of children learning to write in an urban Primary School. Teachers College Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Eflin J, Glennan S, Reisch G (1999) The nature of science: a perspective from the philosophy of science. J Res Sci Teach 36(1):107–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Epidemeologic Inquiry: H-index calculator of scientist impact and influence. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2007, from http://www.epidemiologic.org/2006/12/h-index-calculator-of-scientist-impact.html

  • Fairclough N (2003) Analysing discourse: text analysis for social research. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn PJ (1999) Literacy with an attitude: educating working-class children in their own self-Interest. State University of New York Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Foss SK, Foss KA et al (1991) Contemporary perspectives on rhetoric. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Illinois

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher JJ (1991) Perspective and practicing secondary school science teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about the philosophy of science. Sci Educ 75:121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gee J (1999) What is literacy? In: Mitchell C, Weiler K (eds) Rewriting literacy: culture and the discourse of the other. Bergin & Garvin, Westport, CN

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez N (2005) Beyond culture: the hybridity of funds of knowledge. In: Gonzalez N, Moll LC, Amanti C (eds) Funds of knowledge: theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandy R, Duschl RA (2007) Reconsidering the character and role of inquiry in school science: Analysis of a conference. Sci & Educ 16:141–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halliday M, Martin J (1994) Writing science: literacy and discursive power. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday MAK (2004) The language of science. Continuum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand BM, Alvermann DE, Gee J, Guzzetti BJ, Norris SP, Phillips LM et al (2003) Message from the “Island group”: what is literacy in science literacy? J Res Sci Teach 40(7):607–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins D (1990) Defining and bridging the gap. In: Duckwith E, Easley J, Dawkins D, Henriques A (eds) Science education: a minds-on approach for the elementary years. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp 97–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes MT (2002) Elementary preservice teachers’ struggles to define inquiry-based science teaching. J Sci Teach Educ 13(2):147–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath SB (1983) Ways with words: language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson JG (1989) Positioned reflective practice: a curriculum discussion. J Teach Educ 40(3):10–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X et al (2001) Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved Dec. 16, 2006 from: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/index.htm

  • IPCC (2001) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. IPCC

  • Kademani BS, Kumar V, Sagar A, Kumar A (2006) World literature on thorium research: A scientometric study based on Science Citation Index. Scientometrics 69(2):347–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kesidou S, Roseman JE (2002) How well do middle school science programs measure up? findings from Project 2061’s curriculum review. J Res Sci Teach 39(6):522–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latour B (2004) Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. Crit Inq 30:225–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latour B (2005) Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour B, Woolgar S (1979) Laboratory life: the construction of scientific facts. Sage Publications, Baverly Hills, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke J (1990) Talking science: language, learning and values. Ablex, Norwood, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke DM (1992) Science as writing. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Luera GR, Otto CA (2005) Development and evaluation of an inquiry-based elementary science teacher education program reflecting current reform movements. J Sci Teach Educ 16(3):241–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JR, Veel R (1998) Introduction to part III. In: Martin JR, Veel R (eds) Reading science: critical and functional perspectives on discourses of science. Routledge, New York, pp 83–85

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride JW, Bhatti MI, Hannan MA, Feinberg M (2004) Using an inquiry approach to teach science to secondary school science teachers. Phys Educ 39(5):434–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller R (1998) Rhetoric and reality: what practical work in science education is really for. In: Wellington J (ed) Practical work in school science: which way now? Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller SM (1992) Creating change: towards a dialogic pedagogy. Retrieved Nov. 30, 2006, from http://www.eric.ed.gov

  • Moje EB, Ciechanowski KM et al (2004) Working toward third space in content area literacy: an examination of everyday funds of knowledge and discourse. Reading Res Quart 39(1):38–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moje EB, Collazo T, Carrillo R, Marx RW (2001) “Maestro, what is ‘quality’?”: language, literacy and discourse in project-based science. J Res Sci Teach 38(4):469–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer EF, Scott PH (2003) Meaning making in secondary science classrooms. Open University Press, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman WJ, Abell SK, Hubbard PD, McDonald J, Otaala J, Martini M (2005) Dilemmas of teaching inquiry in elementary science methods. J Sci Teach Educ 15(4):257–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newton P, Rosalind. D, Osborne J (1999) The place of argumentation in the pedagogy of school science. Int J Sci Educ 21(5):553–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris SP, Phillips LM (2003) How literacy in its fundamental sense is central to scientific literacy. Sci Educ 87(2):224–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (1996) National science education standards. Retrieved March 12, 2005, from http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/

  • National Science Teachers Association (2006) Science teacher preparation. Retrieved March12, 2005, from http://www.nsta.org/about/positions/preparation.aspx

  • Oreskes N (2004) Beyond the ivory tower: the scientific consensus on climate change. Science 306(5702):1686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne J (2002) Science without literacy: a ship without a sail? Cambridge J Educ 32(2):203–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons K (ed) (2003) The science wars: debating scientific knowledge and technology. Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering A (1993) The mangle of practice: agency and emergence in the sociology of science. Am J Sociol 99(3):559–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popkewitz T (2002) How the alchemy makes enquiry, evidence, and exclusion. J Teach Educ 53(3):262–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prigogine I, Stengers I (1984) Order out of chaos: man’s new dialogue with nature. Bantam Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth WM, McGinn MK, Bowen GM (1998) How prepared are preservice teachers to teach scientific inquiry? Levels of performance in scientific representation practices. J Sci Teach Educ 9(1):25–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford FJ, Ahlgren A (1991) Science for all Americans. Retrieved November, 13, 2005 from http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/sfaatoc.htm

  • Schwab JJ (1960) Inquiry, the science teacher, and the educator. School Rev 68(2):176–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz CV, Gwekwerere YN (2007) Using a guided inquiry and modeling instructional framework (EIMA) to support preservice K-8 science teaching. Sci Educ 91(1):158–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LK, Gess-Newsome J (2004) Elementary science methods courses and the National science education standards: are we adequately preparing teachers? J Sci Teach Educ 15(2):91–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stinner A (1995) Science textbooks: their present role and future form. In: Glynn SM, Duit R (eds) Learning science in the schools: research reforming practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, pp 275–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyack D, Cuban L (1995) Tinkering towards utopia: a century of public school reforms. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Usher R (2000) Deconstructive happening, ethical moment. In: Simmons H, Usher R (eds) Situated ethics in educational research. Routledge, London, pp 162–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Windschitl M, Thompson J (2006) Transcending simple forms of school science investigation: the impact of preservice instruction on teachers’ understandings of model-based inquiry. Am Educ Res J 43(4):783–835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yager RE (2005) Accomplishing the visions for professional development of teachers advocated in the national science education standards. J Sci Teach Educ 16(2):95–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yore LD, Treagust DF (2006) Current realities and future possibilities: language and science literacy—empowering research and informing instruction. Int J Sci Educ 28(2–3):291–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by grants from the Knowles foundation and the United States Department PT3 Program (Grant Number P342A00193, Yong Zhao, Principal Investigator). The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position, policy, or endorsement of the supporting agencies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajay Sharma.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sharma, A., Anderson, C.W. Recontextualization of Science from Lab to School: Implications for Science Literacy. Sci & Educ 18, 1253–1275 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-007-9112-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-007-9112-8

Keywords

Navigation