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Design of multiple-target chemoprobe: “naked-eye” colorimetric recognition of Fe3+ and off–on fluorogenic detection for Hg2+ and its on-site applications

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Abstract

A novel multiple-target chemoprobe (E)-N′-((9-pentyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)methylene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (CTH) was designed, successfully synthesized and employed for the detection of Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions as off–on fluorometric and colorimetric responses, respectively, in H2O/DMF (10/90, v/v, Britton–Robinson buffer, pH 7) medium. The chemoprobe CTH demonstrated high sensitivity towards Hg2+ and Fe3+, among wide range of competitive cations with low recognition limits of 5.1 nM and 5.89 µM, respectively. The complexes of the chemoprobe CTH were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR titration, FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS techniques, which confirmed the binding stoichiometries and the possible sensing mechanisms, were suggested based on the hydrolysis reaction of C=N group. The practical utility of the chemoprobe CTH was revealed in quantification of the trace amounts of Hg2+ and Fe3+ in water samples. Also, a silica-coated test paper was used for the fluorescent monitoring of Hg2+, providing a novel approach for the quantitative and on-site detection in real samples. More excitingly, a smartphone application was employed for the visual detection of Fe3+ by recognizing the RGB (red/green/blue) of the chemoprobe CTH solution.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University (KMU) with the financial support to use Gaussian–09 and GaussView–5.0.8 software packages (KMU BAP–Grant Numbers: 15–YL–20 and 14–YL–20).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey

    Tahir Savran, Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas, Duygu Aydin, Sumeyye Arslan, Fatma Nur Arslan & Ibrahim Yilmaz

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  1. Tahir Savran
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  2. Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas
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Savran, T., Karuk Elmas, S.N., Aydin, D. et al. Design of multiple-target chemoprobe: “naked-eye” colorimetric recognition of Fe3+ and off–on fluorogenic detection for Hg2+ and its on-site applications. Res Chem Intermed 48, 1003–1023 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04648-8

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