Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized by one-pot two-step reaction as a result of unexpected rearrangement during reaction of 2-formyl carvacrol and corresponding 2-phenylenediamines in DMF, by using Na2S2O5 as an oxidizing reagent. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, mass spectroscopy techniques, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The docking studies of all nine compounds were carried out against the active site of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme. To inspect their antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity, all the synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimalarial activity against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum strain and four bacterial as well as three fungal strains. The biological screening revealed that some synthesized compounds have very good antimalarial activity. The physicochemical properties were calculated for all the synthesized benzimidazoles and were found to be good oral bioavailability drugs as resolute by Lipinski's rule.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.D. Rajput, S.D. Bagul, U.D. Pete, C.M. Zade, S.B. Padhye, R.S. Bendre, Mol. Diversity 22(1), 225 (2018)
J.D. Rajput, S.D. Bagul, S. Tadavi, R.S. Bendre, Med. Aromat. Plants 5(279), 2167 (2016)
M. Hotta, R. Nakata, M. Katsukawa, K. Hori, S. Takahashi, H. Inoue, J. Lipid Res. 51(1), 132 (2010)
G. Milhau, A. Valentin, F. Benoit, M. Mallié, J.M. Bastide, Y. Pélissier, J.M. Bessière, J. Essent. Oil Res. 9(3), 329 (1997)
J.D. Rajput, S.D. Bagul, A.A. Hosamani, M.M. Patil, R.S. Bendre, Res. Chem. Intermed. 43(10), 5377 (2017)
S.K. Tadavi, R.S. Bendre, S.V. Patil, S. Gaguna, J.D. Rajput, Eur. J. Chem. 11(4), 377 (2020)
S.D. Bagul, J.D. Rajput, C. Srivastava, R.S. Bendre, Mol. Diversity 22(3), 647 (2018)
S.B. Levy, B. Marshall, Nat. Med. 10(12), S122 (2004)
M. Baumann, I.R. Baxendale, Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 9(1), 2265 (2013)
A. Herman, A.P. Herman, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 14(1), 946 (2014)
S.G. Bryant, S. Fisher, R.M. Kluge, J. Human Pharmacol. Drug Therapy 7(4), 125 (1987)
A. Bogaczewicz, T. Sobów, Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 17(2), 111 (2017)
A. C. Martins, A. D. E. Cayotopa, W. W. Klein, A. R. Schlosser, A. F. D. Silva, M. N. D. Souza, & M. da Silva-Nunes, Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases (2015)
R.W. DeSimone, Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening 7(5), 473 (2004)
M. Boiani, M. González, Mini. Rev. Med. Chem. 5(4), 409 (2005)
Y. Tong, J.J. Bouska, P.A. Ellis, E.F. Johnson, J. Leverson, X. Liu, T.D. Penning, J. Med. Chem. 52(21), 6803 (2009)
J. Camacho, A. Barazarte, N. Gamboa, J. Rodrigues, R. Rojas, A. Vaisberg, J. Charris, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 19(6), 2023 (2011)
S. Gulati, R. Singh, S. Sangwan, S. Rana, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 18(1), 167 (2021)
P. Prasad, A.G. Kalola, M.P. Patel, New J. Chem. 42(15), 12666 (2018)
T.S. Skinner-Adams, T.M. Davis, L.S. Manning, W.A. Johnston, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91(5), 580 (1997)
H.D. Attram, W. Sergio, C. Kelly, MedChemComm 10(3), 450 (2019)
J.D. Rajput, S.D. Bagul, S.K. Tadavi, P.S. Karandikar, R.S. Bendre, Med. Chem. 6, 123 (2016)
J.L. Falcó, M. Piqué, M. González, I. Buira, E. Méndez, J. Terencio, A. Guglietta, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 41(8), 985 (2006)
R.C. Cambie, J.B. Milbank, P.S. Rutledge, Synth. Commun. 26(4), 715 (1996)
J.C. Lavoie, C. Lachance, P. Chessex, Biochem. Pharmacol. 47(5), 871 (1994)
G.A. Reed, J.F. Curtis, C. Mottley, T.E. Eling, R.P. Mason, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83(19), 7499 (1986)
K.H. Rieckmann, G.H. Campbell, L.J. Sax, J.E. Ema, Lancet 311(8054), 22 (1978)
J. Bao, Y. Cai, M. Sun, G. Wang, H. Corke, J. Agric. Food Chem. 53(6), 2327 (2005)
J.D. Rajput, S.D. Bagul, R.S. Bendre, Design Res. Chem. Intermed. 43(8), 4893 (2017)
C.A. Lipinski, F. Lombardo, B.W. Dominy, P.J. Feeney, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 23(1–3), 3 (1997)
J. Bojarska, M. Remko, M. Breza, I.D. Madura, K. Kaczmarek, J. Zabrocki, W.M. Wolf, Molecules 25(5), 1135 (2020)
O. Trott, A.J. Olson, J. Comput. Chem. 31(2), 455 (2010)
BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, BIOVIA discovery studio visualizer 2017, v.12.0., San Diego: Dassault Systèmes (2016)
D.E. Hurt, J. Widom, J. Clardy, Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 62(3), 312 (2006)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the UGC, New Delhi, SAP (DSA-I) Ref. No. F. 4-6/2015/DSA-I (SAP-II) for providing financial assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhoi, R.T., Rajput, J.D. & Bendre, R.S. An efficient synthesis of rearranged new biologically active benzimidazoles derived from 2-formyl carvacrol. Res Chem Intermed 48, 401–422 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04601-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04601-9