Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Universalizing Nine-Year Compulsory Education For Poverty Reduction in Rural China

  • Published:
International Review of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Lack of access to basic education leads to diminished individual and national capabilities, therewith furthering cycles of poverty. An equitable education system meeting basic learning needs represents not only a human right, but also a means for reducing poverty, promoting productivity, and sustaining development. The Government of China – the most populous developing nation, the majority of whose citizens live in rural areas – has been committed to universalizing nine-year compulsory education among school-aged children and eliminating illiteracy among youths and adults aged 15–45. This study examines lessons learned from China’s efforts in these areas. It also reports on current challenges and trends in a new national initiative for achieving high-quality universal basic education by the year 2007.

Zusammenfassung

DIE EINFÜ HRUNG EINER NEUNJÄHRIGEN SCHULPFLICHT ZUR VERMINDERUNG VON ARMUT IM LÄNDLICHEN CHINA – Der fehlende Zugang zu Grundbildung fördert den Kreislauf der Armut. Ein gerechtes Bildungssystem, das den grundlegenden Notwendigkeiten des Lernens begegnet, stellt nicht nur ein Menschenrecht dar, sondern auch ein Mittel zur Verminderung von Armut, indem es die Produktivität erhöht und die Entwicklung unterstützt. China ist das Entwicklungsland mit der größten Bevölkerung insgesamt, wobei die Mehrheit in ländlichen Gebieten lebt. Die Regierung Chinas hat sich dazu verpflichtet, eine neunjährige Schulpflicht für Kinder einzuführen und den Analphabetismus unter Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen im Alter von 15 bis 45 Jahren Zu beseitigen. Die vorliegende Studie wertet Chinas Erfahrungen in diesen Bereichen aus und zieht Bilanz. In einem zweiten Teil beschreibt der Autor die gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen einer neuen nationalen Initiative, die eine hochwertige Grundbildung bis zum Jahr 2007 erreichen soll.

Résumé

GÉNÉRALISATION DE L’ÉDUCATION OBLIGATOIRE DE NEUF ANNÉES EN FAVEUR DE LA RÉDUCTION DE LA PAUVRETÉ DANS LA CHINE RURALE - Le manque d’accés à une éducation de base méne à des possibilités individuelles et nationales diminuées, promouvant en conséquence des cycles de pauvreté. Un systéme d’éducation équitable satisfaisant des besoins en apprentissage de base représente non seulement un droit de l’homme, mais aussi un moyen de réduire la pauvreté, de favoriser la productivité et de soutenir le développement. Le Gouvernement de la Chine – le pays en voie de développement le plus peuplé, et dont la majorité des citoyens vivent dans des régions rurales – s’est engagé à généraliser l’éducation obligatoire de neuf années parmi les enfants en âge d’être scolarisés, et à éliminer l’analphabétisme parmi les jeunes et les adultes âgés de 15 à 45 ans. Cette étude examine les leçons tirées des efforts de la Chine dans ces domaines. Elle rend également compte des défis et des tendances actuelles d’une nouvelle initiative nationale pour acquérir une éducation de base générale et de haute qualité d’ici à l’année 2007.

Resumen

APLICACIÓN GENERAL DE UNA ENSEÑANZA OBLIGATORIA DE NUEVE AÑOS PARA REDUCIR LA POBREZA EN LA CHINA RURAL – La falta de acceso a la educación básica conduce a la reducción de capacidades individuales y nacionales, y, en consecuencia, fomenta ciclos de pobreza. Un sistema de enseñanza equitativo y que responda a las necesidades de aprendizaje básicas, no solo representa un derecho humano, sino que también es un medio para reducir la pobreza, fomentar la productividad y sostener el desarrollo. El Gobierno de China –la nación en vías de desarrollo más poblada del mundo y con una población cuya mayoría vive en zonas rurales–, se ha comprometido con una enseñanza obligatoria, de nueve años, de los niños en edad escolar y con la eliminación del analfabetismo en la población joven y adulta de 15 a 45 años de edad. Este estudio examina las lecciones que se han aprendido a partir de los esfuerzos que China ha realizado en estas áreas, y también informa sobre los retos y las tendencias de actualidad, en una nueva iniciativa nacional por lograr una educación básica universal y de alta calidad hasta el año 2007.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. 1985. Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Education System Reform

  • China Policy Research Department. 2001. 4, 2001. 6. Evidence-based Analysis of Farmers’ Income during the Ninth Five-year Plan. China Rural Research

  • Department of Basic Education, MOE. 1995. General Report on Project on Promotion of Girls Education in Poor Areas in 1994–1995

  • Shenggen Fan (2003) Effect of Investment on Improving Agricultural Production and Reducing Poverty in India, China, and Vietnam World Bank Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Shenggen Fan Linxiu Zhang Xiaobo Zhang (2003) Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China: The Role of Public Investments International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Ping Hu Ping Zhang Sao Xue (2003) ArticleTitleStudy on the Impact on the Introduction of Taxation Scheme on Rural Compulsory Education Teachers in China 6 5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Rui Mao Long Xu (2001) ArticleTitleContributions to Economic Increase by Education: Comparison between Eastern and Western China Economist 2 20–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education (MOE). 2004. Complete Report on Project on Educational Development in Poverty Provinces of China with Loan from World Bank. Loan Number: CR. 2339-CHA

  • Ministry of Education (MOE). 2003. Actions taken to realize the Commitment to the Dakar Framework for Action – National Report on the Progress of EFA in China

  • Ministry of Education (MOE). 1996. Proposals on Strengthening Girls Education for Female Children in Poor, Rural and Minority Poverty Areas

  • National People’s Congress. 1986. The Law of Compulsory Education of the People’s Republic of China

  • State Council. 2004. National Action Plan for Advancing Education Development. China Education Daily. February 14

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China), Department of Planning and Construction (2003) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2001–2002 People’s Education Press Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China), Department of Planning and Construction (2001) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2000 People’s Education Press Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China), Department of Planning and Construction (2000) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 1998–1999 People’s Education Press Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China), Department of Planning and Construction (1998) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 1992–1997 People’s Education Press Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China), Department of Planning and Construction (1992) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 1989–1991 People’s Education Press Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameState Education Commission (China) Department of Planningand Construction (1989) Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 1987–1988 Beijing Industry University Publishing House Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, De Wen. 2003. Basic Education in Rural China: Status, Problems and Outlets. World Bank Working Papers No. 35. Washington, DC: World Bank

  • Du Geng Wu (1991) Study on Compulsory Education in China Education and Science Publishing House Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D. Y. 2003a. Knowledge Poverty and Educational Resource Allocation in Rural China

  • Tiedao Zhang (2003b) Education of Children in Remote Areas John Keeves Ryo Watanabe (Eds) International Handbook of Educational Research in the Asia-Pacific Region. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 171–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiedao Zhang Mike Lally (1997) Improving Education in Disadvantaged Contexts: The Joint Innovative Project in China UNESCO Bangkok

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tiedao Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, T., Minxia, Z. Universalizing Nine-Year Compulsory Education For Poverty Reduction in Rural China. Int Rev Educ 52, 261–286 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-006-0011-z

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-006-0011-z

Keywords

Navigation