Abstract
A topic of growing concern in Chinese higher education to policy-makers, scholars, and future student applicants is social justice. With the trend toward increasing enrollments in China’s higher-education institutions, issues of equity and access have begun to surface, especially as they relate to China’s minority population of over 100 million persons. The present contribution offers an overview of the regional boundaries of China, both geographic and historical. It then looks at the development of urbanicity in connection with higher education. Third, it describes the recent history of the gender gap in education both in general and in higher education in particular. Fourth, it examines the ethnic boundaries that exist in higher education. The final section analyzes related findings drawn from interviews and questionnaires administered to faculty members, administrators, and students at ten sample universities.
Zusammenfassung
Ein Thema in der chinesischen Hochschullandschaft, das zunehmend mehr Interesse bei politischen EntscheidungstrÄgern, Gelehrten und zukünftigen Studienbewerbern findet, ist die soziale Gerechtigkeit. WÄhrend die Tendenz weiter in Richtung steigender Immatrikulationszahlen in Chinas höheren Bildungsinstitutionen ging, traten die Probleme der Chancengleichheit und des Zugangs an die OberflÄche, insbesondere, da sie in Verbindung mit Chinas Minderheitenbevölkerung von über 100 Millionen Menschen stehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen überblick über Chinas regionale Grenzen, sowohl die geographischen als auch die historischen. Er wirft dann einen Blick auf die Entwicklung von stÄdtischen Strukturen in Verbindung mit der höheren Bildung. Drittens beschreibt er die jüngste Geschichte der Kluft zwischen den Geschlechtern in der Bildung allgemein und in der höheren Bildung im Besonderen. Viertens untersucht er die ethnischen Grenzen, die in der höheren Bildung bestehen. Der letzte Abschnitt analysiert relevante Ergebnisse aus Interviews und Fragebögen, die FakultÄtsangehörigen, Führungspersonal und Studenten an zehn reprÄsentativen UniversitÄten vorgelegt wurden.
Résumé
Un sujet de préoccupation grandissant dans l’éducation supérieure chinoise pour les politiciens, les écoliers et les futurs candidats aux études est la justice sociale. Avec la tendance croissante des immatriculations dans les institutions de l’éducation supérieure de la Chine, des problémes d’équité et d’accessibilité ont commencé à apparaÎtre, en particulier du fait qu’ils se rapportent à une minorité chinoise de la population de 100 millions de personnes. La présente contribution offre un passage en revue des frontiéres régionales chinoises, aussi bien géographiques qu’historiques. Puis elle se tourne vers le développement de l’urbanisation en connexion avec l’éducation supérieure. Troisiémement, elle décrit la récente histoire du fossé de la différence des sexes dans l’éducation, aussi bien dans l’éducation générale que dans celle supérieure en particulier. Quatriémement, elle examine les frontiéres ethniques qui existent dans l’éducation supérieure. L’ultime section analyse les conclusions connexes découlant d’interviews et de questionnaires remplis par des membres de facultés, des administrateurs et des étudiants dans dix universités prises comme modéles.
Resumen
La justicia social en la educaciön superior China es un tema de importancia creciente para los responsables de la politica, los alumnos y los futuros candidatos a estudiantes. Ante el aumento permanente de matriculaciones en los institutos de ensenanza superior, en China han comenzado a aflorar problemas relacionados con igualdad y accesibilidad, ante todo cuando se relacionan con una minoria de unas 100 millones de personas. Esta contribución ofrece una sinopsis de los límites regionales de China, tanto geográficos como históricos, y pasa revista a la urbanization y su relación con la educación superior. En tercer lugar, describe la historia más reciente en cuanto a la desigualdad entre los génerös en general, y en la educación superior en particular. En cuarto lugar, examina los resultados, relacionados con lo que antecede, que se obtuvieron a partir de entrevistas y cuestionarios hechos a miembros de facultades, administradores y estudiantes en diez universidades elegidas para el muestreo.
РЕжУМЕ
ВсЕ ВОжРАстАУЩЕИ жА БОтОИ В кИтАИскОМ Выс шЕМ ОБРАжОВАНИИ Дль пОлИтИкОВ ОБРАжОВАН Иь, УЧЕНых И БУДУЩИх АБ ИтУРИЕНтОВ ьВльЕтсь ВОпРОс О сОцИАльНОИ спРАВЕДл ИВОстИ. НАРьДУ с тЕНДЕ НцИЕИ УВЕлИЧЕНИь кОлИЧЕст ВА жАЧИслЕНИИ В кИтАИск ИЕ ВУжы НАЧАлИ ВОжНИк Ать ВОпРОсы РАВЕНтсВА И ДОстУпА, В ЧАстНОстИ В ОтНОшЕН ИИ МЕНьшИНстВА НАсЕл ЕНИь В кИтАЕ — БОлЕЕ 100 МИллИОНОВ ЧЕлОВЕк. В Д АННОИ стАтьЕ пРЕДлАг АЕтсь ОБжОР РЕгИОНАльНых гРАНИц В кИтАЕ — кАк гЕ ОгРАФИЧЕскИх, тАк И ИстОРИЧЕскИх. ДАлЕЕ В стАтьЕ РАссМАтРИВАЕтсь ВОп РОс РАжВИтИь УРБАНИж АцИИ В кОНтЕкстЕ ВысшЕгО ОБРАжОВАНИь. В-тРЕтьИ х, В стАтьЕ ОпИсыВАЕтс ь НЕДАВНьь ИстОРИь гЕНДЕРНОгО РАжРыВА кАк В ОБЩЕМ, тА к И В ВысшЕМ ОБРАжОВАН ИИ. В-ЧЕтВЕРтых, В стАтьЕ РАссМАтРИВАУтсь ЁтН ИЧЕскИЕ гРАНИцы, кОтО РыЕ сУЩЕстВУУт В ВысшЕМ ОБРАжОВАНИИ. В жАклУЧ ЕНИЕ пРОВОДИтсь АНАл Иж сООтВЕтстВУУЩИх ДАН Ных Иж ИНтЕРВьУ И ОпРОсОВ, пР ОВЕДЕННых сРЕДИ ЧлЕН ОВ ФАкУльтЕтОВ, АДМИНИс тРАцИИ И стУДЕНтОВ В ДЕсьтИ У НИВЕРсИтЕтАх, Вжьтых В кАЧЕстВЕ пРИМЕРА.
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Jacob, W.J. Social justice in Chinese higher education: Regional issues of equity and access. Int Rev Educ 52, 149–169 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-005-5613-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-005-5613-3