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The role of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in obesity and metabolic syndrome

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Abstract

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of antioxidant signaling that may prevent the development of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that lack of Nrf2 could ameliorate insulin resistance, adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Consistent with this, overexpression of Nrf2 gene could also cause insulin resistance under certain conditions. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies indicate that redox balance can be a critical element that contributes to the contradictory effects of Nrf2 on insulin sensitivity and resistance. Reactive oxygen species can promote normal insulin-mediated signal transduction under physiological conditions but also induce insulin resistance under certain pathological conditions. Therefore, the contradictory effects of Nrf2 on insulin signaling pathways may be related to its regulation of redox homeostasis. This review attempts to summarize the latest developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated signaling and its role in the modulation of metabolic homeostasis.

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Acknowledgments

Cited studies from the authors’ laboratories were supported in part by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81370318, to ZY; No. 81270293, to YHW; No. 81400281, to S.Z) and the American Diabetes Association (1-11-BA-17 & 7-14-BS-18, to LC).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that there are not conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Cardiovascular Disorders, Gerontology & Radiation Oncology at the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Zhiguo Zhang, Shanshan Zhou, Xin Jiang, Yue-Hui Wang, Yong-Gang Wang & Yang Zheng

  2. Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, 570 S. Preston Street, Baxter I, Suite 304F, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Zhiguo Zhang, Shanshan Zhou, Xin Jiang, Fengsheng Li, Yong-Gang Wang & Lu Cai

  3. The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, 100088, China

    Fengsheng Li

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  1. Zhiguo Zhang
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  3. Xin Jiang
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Zhang, Z., Zhou, S., Jiang, X. et al. The role of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 16, 35–45 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-014-9305-9

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