Skip to main content
Log in

Reading Comprehension of Dutch Deaf Children

  • Published:
Reading and Writing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the reading comprehension of deaf children and adolescents in the Netherlands is examined along with their word identification. The reading comprehension of 464 deaf students and the word identification of 504 deaf students between 6 and 20 years of age was examined. The results show the reading comprehension scores of deaf children to be far below the scores of hearing children. On average, the deaf subjects scored at a level equivalent to a hearing child in the first grade. The word identification scores of the deaf children, however, were almost equivalent to the scores of hearing children. Although reading comprehension and word identification appear to be related, this relation does not completely explain the comprehension difficulties encountered by deaf children. Additional factors are required to explain deaf children’s difficulties with reading comprehension.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • C. A. J. Aarnoutse (1996) Begrijpend Leestests Swets & Zeitlinger Lisse/Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Aarnoutse J. Leeuwe ParticleVan H. Oud R. Voeten D. Manders J. Hoffs N. Kan ParticleVan (2000) Leer in zicht: Het leerlingvolgsysteem dat voorspelt Swets & Zeitlinger Lisse/Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • M. J. Adams (1990) Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • C. T. Akamatsu C. Musselman A. Zwiebel (2000) Nature versus nurture in the development of cognition in deaf people P. Spencer C. Erting M. Marschark (Eds) Development in context: The deaf children in the family and at school Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ 255–274

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Alegria J. Leybaert B. Charlier C. Hage (1992) On the origin of phonological representations in the deaf: Hearing lips and hands J. Alegria D. Holender J. Junçade Morais M. Radeau (Eds) Analytic approaches to human cognition Elsevier Science Publishers Brussels 107–132

    Google Scholar 

  • T. E. Allen (1986) Patterns of academic achievement among hearing impaired students: 1974 and 1983 A. N. Schildroth M. A. Karchmer (Eds) Deaf children in America College Hill Press San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • J. R. Beech M. Harris (1997) ArticleTitleThe prelingually deaf young reader: A case of reliance on direct lexical access? Journal of Research in Reading 20 105–121 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-9817.00024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Bradley P. E. Bryant (1983) ArticleTitleCategorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection Nature 301 419–421

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Burden R. Campbell (1994) ArticleTitleThe development of word-coding skills in the born deaf: An experimental study of deaf school-leavers British Journal of Developmental Psychology 12 331–349

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Campbell V. Burden (1995) Pre-lingual deafness and literacy: A new look at old ideas B. Gelder Particlede J. Morais (Eds) Speech and reading: A comparative approach Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Oxford, UK 109–123

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Caravolas C. Hulme M. J. Snowling (2001) ArticleTitleThe foundations of spelling ability: Evidence from a 3-year longitudinal study Journal of Memory and Language 45 751–774 Occurrence Handle10.1006/jmla.2000.2785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Conrad (1979) The deaf schoolchild Harper and Row London

    Google Scholar 

  • P. F. Jong Particlede A. Leij Particlevan der (1999) ArticleTitleSpecific contributions of phonological abilities to early reading acquisition: Results from a Dutch latent variable longitudinal study Journal of Educational Psychology 91 450–476

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Fischler (1985) ArticleTitleWord recognition, use of context, and reading skill among deaf college students Reading Research Quarterly 2 203–218

    Google Scholar 

  • H. G. Furth (1966) ArticleTitleA comparison of reading test norms of deaf and hearing children American Annals of the Deaf 111 461–462

    Google Scholar 

  • V. L. Hanson C. A. Fowler (1987) ArticleTitlePhonological coding in word reading: Evidence from hearing and deaf readers Memory and Cognition 15 199–207

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Harris J. Beech (1998) ArticleTitleImplicit phonological awareness and early reading development in prelingually deaf children Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 3 205–216

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Høien I. Lundberg K. E. Stanovich I. Bjaalid (1995) ArticleTitleComponents of phonological awareness Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 7 171–188 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01027184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Holt (1993) ArticleTitleStanford Achievement Test – 8th edition: Reading comprehension subgroup results American Annals of the Deaf 138 172–175

    Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Holt C. B. Traxler T. E. Allen (1996) Interpreting the scores: A user’s guide to the 9th edition Stanford Achievement Test for educators of deaf and hard-of-hearing students Gallaudet University Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • W. A. Hoover P. G. Gough (1990) ArticleTitleThe simple view of reading Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2 127–160 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00401799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Knoors (2001) ArticleTitleTaalontwikkelingsstoornissen ten gevolge van doofheid [Language development disorders caused by deafness] Handboek Stem-Spraak-Taalpathologie 16 1–34

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Leybaert (1993) Reading in the deaf: The role of phonological codes M. Marschark M. D. Clark (Eds) Psychological perspectives on deafness Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Marschark M. Harris (1996) Success and failure in reading: The special case (?) of deaf children C. Cornoldi J. Oakhill (Eds) Reading comprehension difficulties: Processes and intervention Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ 279–300

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Marschark H. G. Lang J. A. Albertini (2002) Educating deaf students: From research to practice Oxford University Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. D. Merrills G. Underwood D. J. Wood (1994) ArticleTitleThe word recognition skills of profoundly, prelingually deaf children British Journal of Psychology 12 365–384

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Müller S. Brady (2001) ArticleTitleCorrelates of early reading performance in a transparent orthography Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14 757–799 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1012217704834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I. V. S. Mullis M. O. Martin E. J. Gonzalez A. M. Kennedy (2003) PIRLS 2001 International report: IEA’s study of reading literacy achievement in primary schools Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Musselman (2000) ArticleTitleHow do children who can’t hear learn to read an alphabetic script? A review of the literature on reading and deafness Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 5 9–31 Occurrence Handle10.1093/deafed/5.1.9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. H. L. Oud R. A. R. G. Jansen J. F. J. Leeuwe ParticleVan C. A. J. Aarnoutse M. J. M. Voeten (1998) ArticleTitleMonitoring pupil development by means of the Kalman filter and smoother based upon SEM state space modeling Learning and Individual Differences 10 103–119 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1041-6080(99)80136-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. H. L. Oud J. F. J. Leeuwe ParticleVan R. A. R. G. Jansen (1993) Kalman filtering in discrete and continuous time based on longitudinal LISREL models J. H. L. Oud R. A. W. Blokland-Vogelesang ParticleVan (Eds) Advances in longitudinal and multivariate analysis in the behavioral sciences ITS Nijmegen the Netherlands 3–26

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Padden V. L. Hanson (2000) Search for the missing link: The development of skilled reading in deaf children K. Emmorey H. Lane (Eds) The signs of language revisited Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ 435–447

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Padden C. Ramsey (1998) ArticleTitleReading ability in signing deaf children Topics in Language Disorders 18 30–46

    Google Scholar 

  • C. A. Perfetti R. Sandak (2000) ArticleTitleReading optimally builds on spoken language: Implications for deaf readers Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 5 32–50 Occurrence Handle10.1093/deafed/5.1.32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Reitsma L. Verhoeven (1990) Acquisition of written Dutch: An introduction P. Reitsma L. Verhoeven (Eds) Acquisition of reading in Dutch Foris Publications Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • P. H. K. Seymour M. Aro J. M. Erskine (2003) ArticleTitleFoundation literacy acquisition in European orthographies British Journal of Psychology 94 143–174 Occurrence Handle10.1348/000712603321661859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. L. Singleton S. Supalla S. Litchfield S. Schley (1998) ArticleTitleFrom sign to word: Considering modality constraints in ASL/English bilingual education Topics in Language Disorders 18 16–29

    Google Scholar 

  • C. E. Snow M. S. Burns P. Griffin (1998) Preventing reading difficulties in young children National Academy Press Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • T. G. Sticht J. H. James (1984) Listening and reading P. D. Pearson (Eds) Handbook of reading research Longman New York 293–317

    Google Scholar 

  • S. E. Stothard C. Hulme (1996) A comparison of reading comprehension and decoding difficulties in children C. Cornoldi J. Oakhill (Eds) Reading comprehension difficulties: Processes and intervention Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ 93–112

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Strong P. Prinz (1997) ArticleTitleA study of the relationship between American Sign Language and English literacy Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 2 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  • J. K. Torgesen R. K. Wagner C. A. Rashotte (1997) ArticleTitlePrevention and remediation of severe reading disabilities: Keeping the end in mind Scientific Studies of Reading 1 IssueID3 217–234 Occurrence Handle10.1207/s1532799xssr0103_3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. B. Traxler (2000) ArticleTitleThe Stanford Achievement Test, 9th Edition: National norming and performance standards for deaf and hard-of-hearing students Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 5 337–348 Occurrence Handle10.1093/deafed/5.4.337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. H. J. Bon Particlevan P. H. Tooren K. W. J. M. Eekelen Particlevan (2000) ArticleTitleLexical decision and oral reading by poor and normal readers European Journal of Psychology of Education 15 259–270

    Google Scholar 

  • L. N. Wauters A. E. J. M. Tellings W. H. J. Bon ParticleVan W. A. Haaften ParticleVan (2003) ArticleTitleMode of Acquisition of word meanings: The viability of a theoretical construct Applied Psycholinguistics 24 385–406 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0142716403000201

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Loes N. Wauters.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wauters, L.N., Van Bon, W.H.J. & Tellings, A.E.J.M. Reading Comprehension of Dutch Deaf Children. Read Writ 19, 49–76 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-004-5894-0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-004-5894-0

Keywords

Navigation