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Oral health-related quality of life determinants throughout adolescence: a cohort study in Brazil

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Abstract

Purpose

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a complex construct that reflects the interaction among well-being, socioeconomic, oral health status, and also contextual factors. This study aimed to verify the association between poorer socioeconomic background and oral health condition on OHRQoL throughout adolescence.

Methods

A cohort study followed a random sample of 1134 participants aged 12 years in 2012 (T1), 770 adolescents with an average age of 14 years in 2014 (T2; retention rate, 67.9%), and 768 adolescents with an average age of 17.5 years in 2018 (T3; retention rate, 67.8%). OHRQoL was collected three times using the Brazilian short version of the Childhood Perception Questionnaire 11–14 (CPQ 11–14). At baseline, the adolescents were clinically assessed by dentists, and their demographic data, socioeconomic status, use of dental services, and toothache were evaluated. The mean income of the neighborhood was used as a proxy of contextual factors. This variable was obtained from an official municipal publication. Poisson multilevel regression analyses were performed using a hierarchical approach to assess the predictors of OHRQoL over time.

Results

Adolescents living in a neighborhood with low mean income, low household income, low education levels, girls, and nonwhite individuals reported poor OHRQoL. Clinical variables such as gingival bleeding and malocclusion were also associated with higher overall scores on CPQ11-14, indicating poor OHRQoL.

Conclusion

Our results showed that the unfavorable contextual and individual socioeconomic environment, and oral disease negatively influenced OHRQoL during adolescence.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all adolescents; their families and schools for their participation.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES). We thank by supported the study the institutions: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq: 477118/2013-5 and 308141/2012-1) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS: 2381-2551/14-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UFSM: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

    Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz, Bruno Emmanuelli, Amanda Michelon de Campos & Thiago Machado Ardenghi

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  1. Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz
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  2. Bruno Emmanuelli
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  3. Amanda Michelon de Campos
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  4. Thiago Machado Ardenghi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.

Ethical approval

The Committee of Ethics in Research of the Federal University of Santa Maria approved this study, sob protocol numbers: 0127.0.243.000–11 in 2012, 30613714.0.0000.5421 in 2014, and 66553117.4.0000.5346 in 2018.

Consent for participate

Institution consent was obtained from the municipality education authorities and schools of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The participants’ parents or legal guardians signed an informed consent form, and the participants signed an agreement consent form before each data collection process.

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All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Ortiz, F.R., Emmanuelli, B., de Campos, A.M. et al. Oral health-related quality of life determinants throughout adolescence: a cohort study in Brazil. Qual Life Res 31, 2307–2317 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03130-1

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