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Health and oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate if health and oral health status of children and adolescents with different stages of CKD are associated with their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and socioeconomic and demographic conditions.

Methods

One hundred children and adolescents with CKD were age and gender matched to 100 individuals without CKD (mean age ± SD = 13.04 ± 2.57). Oral health was characterised by means of gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PI), the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the developmental enamel defect (DED) index. All children and adolescents answered two Peds QL® instruments (general and oral health scales).

Results

Comparing the mean scores of HRQoL and OHRQoL between groups, we observed that CKD group demonstrated worse perceptions when compared to non-CKD group. Multiple linear regression analysis with bootstrap estimation of variance (1000 replications) showed association between dental caries experience (p < 0.001), gingival inflammation (p < 0.001) and diagnosis of CKD (p = 0.027) with the OHRQoL and between physical and the emotional domain of HRQoL, when moderate/severe gingival inflammation and hypoplasia were present.

Conclusion

The implementation of public policies that contemplate the early dental preventive intervention in CKD children and adolescents should occur aiming to improve their oral health, once oral manifestations can directly affect the aspects of the HRQoL and OHRQoL of these individuals.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

OHRQoL:

Oral health-related quality of life

HRQoL:

Health-related quality of life

QoL:

Quality of life

pmarp:

Per million age-related population

GBI:

Gingival Bleeding Index

PI:

Plaque Index

DMFT:

Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index

DED:

Developmental Enamel Defect Index

pmarp:

Per million age-related population

SG:

Study group

CG:

Control group

Mean ± SD:

Mean and standard deviation

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) and the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de São Paulo” (FAPESP). We also thank all the patients for their most generous efforts in making our research project a success.

Funding

No funding was secured for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Taciana Mara Couto Silva, Levy Anderson César Alves, Deise Garrido, Fausto Medeiros Mendes & Ana Lídia Ciamponi

  2. Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children Institute - Medical School - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Andreia Watanabe

  3. Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil

    Ana Lídia Ciamponi

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  1. Taciana Mara Couto Silva
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Contributions

TMCS: conceptualized and designed the study, drafted the initial and final manuscript, was one of the examiners and contribute with the collection of data; LACA: was one of the examiner and contribute with the collection of data; DGS: reviewed and revised the manuscript, AW: reviewed and revised the manuscript and supervised data collection; FMM: was responsible for the statistical analyses; ALC: conceptualized and designed the study, coordinated and supervised data collection.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Lídia Ciamponi.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study obtained the ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of the Dental School and from the Children Institute (Medical School) – University of São Paulo (Brazil) – Registration Number 1.484.266, according to the Helsinki Declaration. Details of the study were explained to parents and their written informed consent was obtained.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Silva, T.M.C., Alves, L.A.C., Garrido, D. et al. Health and oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res 28, 2481–2489 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02196-8

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