Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The usefulness of the EQ-5D in differentiating among persons with major depressive episode and anxiety

  • Brief Communication
  • Published:
Quality of Life Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Major depressive episodes (MDE) and anxiety disorders are associated with significantly lower health-related quality of life (HRQL). The present study explores the ability of the EQ-5D HRQL measure to differentiate among those with a clinical diagnosis of MDE and/or anxiety disorders.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the Alberta Mental Health Survey (2003). MDE and anxiety were defined by DSM-IV using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations between EQ-5D scores and mental health diagnoses.

Results

The prevalence for diagnoses (and proportion within each group reporting problems on the Anxiety/Depression domain) were: MDE alone 2.6% (48.6%); anxiety disorders alone 11.2% (38.9%); MDE and anxiety 5.2% (81.1%); and neither 80.9% (8.2%), respectively. Adjusted mean EQ-Index and EQ-VAS scores were shown to be significantly lower among those with MDE and anxiety disorders (0.70, 64.2), followed by those with MDE alone (0.83, 70.8) and anxiety disorders alone (0.84, 76.7), when compared with subjects with none of these conditions.

Conclusions

Reporting problems on the EQ-5D Anxiety/Depression domain was more common among subjects with MDE alone than anxiety disorders alone. Other domains of the EQ-5D did identify the burden of co-morbid mental health conditions, but not as well as the Anxiety/Depression domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Abbreviations

CIDI:

Composite International Diagnostic Interview

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition

HRQL:

Health-related quality of life

MDE:

Major depressive episodes

ICD-10:

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision

M.I.N.I.:

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview

QALY:

Quality Adjusted Life Year

QSHI:

Quality, Safety and Health Information

SCID-P for DSM-III-R:

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R–Patient Edition

SF-12:

Short Form – 12 Health Survey

VAS:

Visual analogue scale

WHO:

World Health Organization

References

  1. Andrade, L., Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R. V., De Graaf, R., et al. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. [erratum appears in Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2003;12(3),165]. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(1), 3–21.

  2. Bland, R. C. (1998). Psychiatry and the Burden of Mental Illness. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 801–810.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Canada H. A report on mental illness in Canada: Chapter 4 anxiety disorders. In: Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2002 Oct 03.

  4. Chisholm, D., Healey, A., & Knapp, M. (1997). QALYs and mental health care. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatry Epidemiology, 32, 68–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dolan, P., & Roberts, J. (2002). Modeling valuations for Eq-5d health states: an alternative model using differences in valuations. Medical Care, 40(5), 442–446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Duburcq, A., Blin, P., Charpak, Y., Blachier, C., & Allicar, M. P., et al. (1999). [Use of a structured diagnostic interview to identify depressive episodes in an epidemiologic study: a posteriori internal validation]. [French]. Revue d Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 47(5), 455–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hybels, C., & Blazer, D. (2003). Epidemiology of late-life mental disorders. Clinical Geriatric Medicine,19, 663–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kind, P. (1996). The EuroQoL instrument: an index of health-related quality of life. Philadelphia, PA:Lippincott-Raven Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Klose, M., & Jacobi, F. (2004). Can gender differences in the prevalence of mental disorders be explained by sociodemographic factors? Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 7(2), 133–148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lubetkin, E. I., Jia, H., Franks, P., & Gold, M. R. (2005). Relationship among sociodemographic factors, clinical conditions, and health-related quality of life: examining the EQ-5D in the U.S. general population. Quality of Life Research , 14(10), 2187–2196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Luo, N., Johnson, J. A., Shaw, J. W., Feeny, D., & Coons, S. J. (2005). Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index. Medical Care, 43(11), 1078–1086.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pyne, J. M., Patterson, T. L., Kaplan, R. M., Ho, S., & Gillin J. C., et al. (1997). Preliminary longitudinal assessment of quality of life in patients with major depression. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(1), 23–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pyne, J. M., Patterson, T. L., Kaplan, R. M., Gillin, J. C., & Koch, W. L., et al. (1997). Assessment of the quality of life of patients with major depression. Psychiatric Services, 48(2), 224–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Revicki, D. A., & Wood, M. (1998). Patient-assigned health state utilities for depression-related outcomes: differences by depression severity and antidepressant medications. Journal of Affective Disorders, 48(1), 25–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sapin, C., Fantino, B., Nowicki, M. L., & Kind, P. (2004). Usefulness of EQ-5D in assessing health status in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Health & Quality of Life Outcomes, 2(20), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shaw, J. W., Johnson, J. A., & Coons, S. J. (2005). US valuation of the EQ-5D health states: development and testing of the D1 valuation model. Medical Care, 43(3), 203–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs J., et al. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. [Review] [25 refs]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 20, 22–33.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sheehan, D. V., Janavs, J., Baker, R., et al. (2001). M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview. University of South Florida, Tampa.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stein, M. B., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Craske, M. G., Bystritsky, A., Sullivan G., et al. (2005). Functional impact and health utility of anxiety disorders in primary care outpatients. Medical Care, 43(12), 1164–1170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Strine, T. W, Chapman D. P., Kobau R., & Balluz L. Associations of self-reported anxiety symptoms with health-related quality of life and health behaviors.[erratum appears in Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 200 Aug;40(8):680]. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 2005, 40(6), 432–438.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Health and Policy Studies Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Alison L. Supina

  2. Institute of Health Economics School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, #1200 10405 Jasper Ave NW, AB, Canada

    Jeffrey A. Johnson

  3. Institute of Health Economics Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Scott B. Patten

  4. Research Assistant, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Jeanne V. A. Williams

  5. Institute of Health Economics Departments of Community Health Sciences & Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Colleen J. Maxwell

Authors
  1. Alison L. Supina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jeffrey A. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Scott B. Patten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jeanne V. A. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Colleen J. Maxwell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey A. Johnson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Supina, A.L., Johnson, J.A., Patten, S.B. et al. The usefulness of the EQ-5D in differentiating among persons with major depressive episode and anxiety. Qual Life Res 16, 749–754 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9159-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9159-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation