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Impact of Elicitation on Antioxidant and Potential Antihypertensive Properties of Lentil Sprouts

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the application of elicitors (500 μM ascorbic acid, 50 μM folic acid, 5 mM glutamic acid and 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid) during lentil germination up to 8 days as a strategy to increase germination rate and to enhance the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenolic compounds. The effect of elicitation on the protein profile and antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of sprouted lentils was also evaluated. The application of elicitors did not negatively affect the germination yield of lentils and no significant changes on the protein pattern of lentils germinated in the presence of elicitors were observed. Chitosan/glutamic acid increased by 1.6-fold the GABA content in lentil sprouts, whilst ascorbic and folic acids as well as chitosan/glutamic acid were highly effective to enhance the total content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of sprouted lentils. All elicited lentil sprouts showed ability to inhibit ACE activity (IC50: 9.5–11.9 μg peptides/mL). Therefore, elicitation can be considered a promising approach to improve the content of compounds with antioxidant and potential antihypertensive activities in lentil sprouts.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin I converting enzyme

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

DAO:

Diamine oxidase

d.w.:

Dry weight

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

GAD:

Glutamate decarboxylase

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

kDa:

Kilodalton

ORAC:

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

TE:

Trolox equivalents

TPC:

Total phenolic compounds

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Acknowledgments

This work was cofounded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) through the project AGL2010-16310 and the European Union through FEDER programme. E. Peñas in indebted to Spanish “Ramón y Cajal” Programme for financial support and R.I. Limón to CSIC and European Social Fund providing a PhD fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Elena Peñas, Rocío I. Limón, Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga & Juana Frias

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Patrizia Restani

  3. Natural Resource Institute Finland (LUKE), New Business Opportunities, New Products, Services and Technology, Myllytie 1, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland

    Anne Pihlanto

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  1. Elena Peñas
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Correspondence to Juana Frias.

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Peñas, E., Limón, R.I., Martínez-Villaluenga, C. et al. Impact of Elicitation on Antioxidant and Potential Antihypertensive Properties of Lentil Sprouts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 70, 401–407 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0508-3

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