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Tempe Consumption Modulates Fecal Secondary Bile Acids, Mucins, Immunoglobulin A, Enzyme Activities, and Cecal Microflora and Organic Acids in Rats

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Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of dietary tempe, a fermented soy product, on the colonic environment of rats fed high-fat (HF, 30 % fat; experiment 1) or low-fat (LF, 6 % fat; experiment 2) diets. Growing male rats were fed the experimental diets with or without 25 % tempe for 21 days. Tempe consumption slightly but significantly increased the growth of rats fed both the HF and LF diets (P < 0.05). With both the HF and LF diets, dietary tempe markedly reduced a harmful fecal secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid (a risk factor of colon cancer) (P < 0.05), and markedly elevated fecal mucins (indices of intestinal barrier function) and immunoglobulin A (IgA, an index of intestinal immune function) (P < 0.05). With the HF diet, dietary tempe increased cecal acetate, butyrate, propionate, and succinate concentrations (P < 0.05). Analysis of the profile of cecal microflora revealed lower Bacteroides and higher Clostridium cluster XIVa levels in the tempe group of rats fed the HF diet (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal activity of β-glucosidase was markedly higher in the tempe group (P < 0.05), while that of urease was lower (P < 0.05) with both the HF and LF diets. The present results suggest that tempe consumption modulates the colonic environment in rats.

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Abbreviations

GPR91:

G-protein-coupled receptor 91

HF:

High fat

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

LF:

Low fat

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan

    Zaki Utama & Norihisa Kato

  2. Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Fuji Women’s University, 4-5 Hanakawa Minami, Ishikari, 061-3204, Japan

    Yukako Okazaki

  3. Iida Women’s Junior College, 610 Matsuoshiroda, Iida, 395-0812, Japan

    Hiroyuki Tomotake

Authors
  1. Zaki Utama
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  2. Yukako Okazaki
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  3. Hiroyuki Tomotake
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  4. Norihisa Kato
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Correspondence to Yukako Okazaki.

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Utama, Z., Okazaki, Y., Tomotake, H. et al. Tempe Consumption Modulates Fecal Secondary Bile Acids, Mucins, Immunoglobulin A, Enzyme Activities, and Cecal Microflora and Organic Acids in Rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 68, 177–183 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0357-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0357-x

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