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Two-step orthogonal-state-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique

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Abstract

The Goldenberg–Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution uses orthogonal encoding states of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two states encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein orthogonal states encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding states are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bipartite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-versus-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.

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Acknowledgments

PY thanks the Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India for a student fellowship, during which most of this work was completed. AP and RS thank Department of Science and Technology (DST), India, for support provided through projects SR/S2/LOP-0012/2010 and SR/S2/LOP-02/2012, respectively. AP also thanks the Operational Program Education for Competitiveness—European Social Fund project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0017 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Preeti Yadav

  2. Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Sadashivnagar, Bangalore, 560080, India

    R. Srikanth

  3. Raman Research Institute, Sadashivnagar, Bangalore, 560060, India

    R. Srikanth

  4. Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201307, UP, India

    Anirban Pathak

  5. RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics of Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Anirban Pathak

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  1. Preeti Yadav
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  2. R. Srikanth
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  3. Anirban Pathak
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Correspondence to Anirban Pathak.

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Yadav, P., Srikanth, R. & Pathak, A. Two-step orthogonal-state-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique. Quantum Inf Process 13, 2731–2743 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-014-0825-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-014-0825-8

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