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Western European Wild and Landraces Hazelnuts Evaluated by SSR Markers

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Abstract

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), a member of the family Betulaceae and the order Fagales, is native to Europe, Turkey, and the Caucasus. It has been cultivated for more than 5000 years. The majority of cultivars were selected from local wild populations over the past few centuries. Hazelnut is native to northern Portugal, with local production from landrace clonal selections. In recent years, hazelnut production has declined, and landraces are in danger of being lost. In this study, we used 16 microsatellite markers to investigate genetic diversity in wild populations, Portuguese landraces, and reference cultivars. A high level of polymorphism was found, as indicated by mean values for expected heterozygosity (0.74), observed heterozygosity (0.71), and polymorphism information content (0.78). A neighbor-joining dendrogram showed a clear separation of the wild genotypes from the landraces and reference cultivars. Bayesian analysis placed individuals in three groups, showing differentiation of wild populations, landraces, and reference cultivars. Our studies provide new insights on the origin of Portuguese landraces.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/40686/2007 attributed by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ Contributions

All authors wrote, read, and approved the final manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Sandra Martins & Valdemar Carnide

  2. Strategic Unit for Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, I.P., Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês Edifício da Ex-Estação Florestal Nacional, 2184-505, Oeiras, Portugal

    Fernanda Simões, Diogo Mendonça & José Matos

  3. Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Ana Paula Silva

  4. Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Valdemar Carnide

Authors
  1. Sandra Martins
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  2. Fernanda Simões
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  3. Diogo Mendonça
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  4. José Matos
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  5. Ana Paula Silva
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  6. Valdemar Carnide
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Correspondence to Sandra Martins.

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Martins, S., Simões, F., Mendonça, D. et al. Western European Wild and Landraces Hazelnuts Evaluated by SSR Markers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 33, 1712–1720 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0867-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0867-9

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