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Bio-organic fertilizer application significantly reduces the Fusarium oxysporum population and alters the composition of fungi communities of watermelon Fusarium wilt rhizosphere soil

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Abstract

Watermelon Fusarium wilt is one of the most severe soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. In this study, the population of F. oxysporum was quickly monitored by real-time PCR and DNA array in watermelon Fusarium wilt infected soils treated with Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR21 enhanced bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) at the beginning of nursery growth and/or at the beginning of transplanting. The fungal community composition was investigated by molecular cloning and DGGE techniques. The real-time PCR results showed the F. oxysporum population in the rhizosphere soil decreased from 8.56 × 104 colony-forming units (cfu) g−1 rhizosphere soil to 9.41 × 103 cfu g−1 rhizosphere soil after BIO application and the DNA array detection signals of F. oxysporum population weakened. The difference between F. oxysporum abundance of BIO amended and not amended bulk soils was lower than 104 cfu g−1 soil. DGGE profile indicated that BIO application changed the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soils; the molecular cloning data revealed that consecutive applications of BIO at nursery and transplanting stages not only decreased Ascomycota and increased Basidiomycota abundance in the rhizosphere soil but also caused the apperance of unique fungal group which were not found in the control. The beneficial fungi Chaetomium sp. Aspergillus penicillioides were found in the BIO amended treatment, while some harmful fungi such as F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani were only detected in the control. Data from this study indicated that BIO application can control watermelon Fusarium wilt by suppressing the population of F. oxysporum and changing the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soils.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to extend their appreciation to Dr. Luo Jia for his assistance in the laboratory analyses. This work was financially co-sponsered by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth (31301809), by the 111 project (B12009), and by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (201103004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiang Su Province, 210095, China

    Shuang Zhao, Dongyang Liu, Ning Ling & Qirong Shen

  2. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiang Su Province, 210095, China

    Shuang Zhao, Fadi Chen & Weimin Fang

  3. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

    Qirong Shen

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  1. Shuang Zhao
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  2. Dongyang Liu
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Correspondence to Qirong Shen.

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Zhao, S., Liu, D., Ling, N. et al. Bio-organic fertilizer application significantly reduces the Fusarium oxysporum population and alters the composition of fungi communities of watermelon Fusarium wilt rhizosphere soil. Biol Fertil Soils 50, 765–774 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0898-7

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