Abstract
Aim
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that participates in multiple physiological processes in both animals and plants. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is important signaling molecule that links the growth and developmental signals and environment stimuli to cellular responses. In the current study we explored the relationship between H2S and MAPK in drought stress resistance in Arabidopsis.
Methods
The quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, root tip bending experiment and stomatal aperture assay were used in this paper.
Results
Drought stress activated both H2S biosynthesis and gene expression of MAPKs. The increase in MAPK expression was depressed in lcd/des1, a double mutant of H2S synthesis. Then we selected MPK4 as our target and used mpk4 mutants for further studies. H2S was able to alleviate the drought stress in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis but not in mpk4 mutants. Meanwhile, H2S-induced stomatal movement was impaired in mpk4 mutants. We then examined the role of H2S and MPK4 in stomatal movements in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ABA- and H2O2- mediated stomatal movements were impaired in lcd/des1 and mpk4 mutants, and H2S-induced stomatal closure was impaired in slac1–3 mutants.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that MPK4 is important downstream of H2S in the drought stress response and in stomatal movement, and that the H2S-MPK4 cascade is involved in ABA-mediated stomatal movement to regulate the drought stress.
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Abbreviations
- H2S:
-
Hydrogen sulfide
- DES1:
-
Desulfhydrase 1
- LCD:
-
L-cysteine desulfhydrase
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- PYR/PYL/RCAR:
-
Pyrabactin Resistance/Pyrabactin resistance-like/Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor
- PP2Cs:
-
Protein Phosphatase 2C
- SnRK2s:
-
SNF1-Related Protein Kinases type 2
- SLAC1:
-
Slow Anion Channel-Associated 1
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- 1/2 MS:
-
1/2 Murashige and Skoog
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Acknowledgements
This work was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31672140 to Jin Z., 31671605 to Pei Y.) We thank Shaowu Xue of Huazhong Agricultural University and John Mundy of Copenhagen University for providing seeds generously. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Fig. S1
The genotyping of mutants. a-b: the genotyping of lcd/des1. a is genotyping for LCD, and b is genotyping for DES1. c: the genotyping of mpk4 of Ler background. d: the genoptyping of mpk4 of Col background. mpk4 het means mpk4 heterozygote, mpk4 homo means mpk4 homozygote. e: the genotyping of slac1–3. (PNG 723 kb)
Fig. S2
The 4-week-old seedlings of mpk4 of Col background. The homozygous or heterozygous of mpk4 with Col background were indicated in the figure. (PNG 278 kb)
Fig. S3
The 4-week-old seedling of WT (left) and mpk4 (right) of Ler background. (PNG 86 kb)
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Du, X., Jin, Z., Zhang, L. et al. H2S is involved in ABA-mediated stomatal movement through MPK4 to alleviate drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Soil 435, 295–307 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3894-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3894-0