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Effects of biochar on carbon and nitrogen fluxes in boreal forest soil

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Abstract

Background and aims

The addition of biochar to soil may offer a chance to mitigate climate change by increasing soil carbon stocks, improving soil fertility and enhancing plant growth. The impacts of biochar in cold environments with limited microbial activity are still poorly known.

Methods

In order to understand to what extent different types and application rates of biochar affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes in boreal forests, we conducted a field experiment where two different spruce biochars (pyrolysis temperatures 500 °C and 650 °C) were applied at the rate of 0, 5 and 10 t ha−1 to Pinus sylvestris forests in Finland.

Results

During the second summer after treatment, soil CO2 effluxes showed no clear response to biochar addition. Only in June, the 10 t ha−1 biochar (650 °C) plots had significantly higher CO2 effluxes compared to the control plots. The pyrolysis temperature of biochar did not affect soil CO2 effluxes. Soil pH increased in the plots receiving 10 t ha−1 biochar additions. Biochar treatments had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass and biological N fixation. Nitrogen mineralization rates in the organic layer tended to increase with the amount of biochar, but no statistically significant effect was detected.

Conclusions

The results suggest that wood biochar amendment rates of 5–10 t ha−1 to boreal forest soil do not cause large or long-term changes in soil CO2 effluxes or reduction in native soil C stocks. Furthermore, the results imply that biochar does not adversely affect soil microbial biomass or key N cycling processes in boreal xeric forests, at least within this time frame. Thus, it seems that biochar is a promising tool to mitigate climate change and sequester additional C in boreal forest soils.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by The Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland (2016085). The study was also supported by the Academy of Finland (286685, 294600, 307222, 277623) and the FCoE of atmospheric sciences (Center of Excellence (1118615). We thank for the staff of Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station for supporting us in the field work and Marjut Wallner for help with laboratory analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, (P.O. Box 27), 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Marjo Palviainen, Frank Berninger, Kajar Köster, Christine Ribeiro Moreira de Assumpção, Heidi Aaltonen, Anup Mishra, Liisa Kulmala, Xuan Zhou, Jussi Heinonsalo & Egle Köster

  2. Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2, 1010, Vienna, Austria

    Viktor J. Bruckman

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, 311 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan

    Naoki Makita

  4. Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, (P.O. Box 56), 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Bartosz Adamczyk

  5. Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Erik Palménin Aukio 1, (P.O. Box 503), 00101, Helsinki, Finland

    Jussi Heinonsalo

  6. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, (P.O. Box 1627), 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Jukka Pumpanen

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  1. Marjo Palviainen
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Correspondence to Marjo Palviainen.

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Palviainen, M., Berninger, F., Bruckman, V.J. et al. Effects of biochar on carbon and nitrogen fluxes in boreal forest soil. Plant Soil 425, 71–85 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3568-y

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