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Effects of long-term temperature and nutrient manipulation on Norway spruce fine roots and mycelia production

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Abstract

Aims and methods

The effects of changing climate on ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fine roots were studied in northern Sweden by manipulating soil temperature for 14 years and/or by fertilizing for 22 years. Fine root biomass, necromass, EcM root tip biomass, morphology and number as well as mycelia production were determined from soil cores and mesh bags.

Results and conclusions

The fine root biomass and necromass were highest in the fertilized plots, following similar trends in the above-ground biomass, whereas the EcM root tip biomass per basal area decreased by 22 % in the fertilized plots compared to the control. Warming increased the fine root biomass, live/dead-ratio and the number of EcM root tips in the mineral soil and tended to increase the production of EcM mycelia. Greater fine root biomass meant more EcM root tips, although the tip frequency was not affected by fertilization or warming. Significantly higher specific root length of EcM root tips indicated an increased need for nutrients in warmed and in unfertilized plots. Better nutrient supply and warmer soil temperature provide a potential to increase the flow of carbon into the soil via increased fine root biomass, but the carbon balance also depends on root turnover.

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Acknowledgements

This experiment formed a part of the projects “The effect of long-term soil warming on soil carbon balance in a boreal spruce forest”, funded by the Swedish Research Council Formas and “Long-term effects of soil warming on fine root and mycorrhizal mycelia turnover in boreal forests”, funded by the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation, Finland. Funding by the Academy of Finland is also acknowledged. Morphological studies were funded by the Estonian Science Foundation grant No 7452, SF0180127s08 of the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia and European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence ENVIRON). The authors are grateful to Prof. Sune Linder for providing the facilities for this study, to all at the Flakaliden research site for maintaining the soil warming experiment and for assistance e.g. from Per Olsson in the field work. We thank Juha Kemppainen, Ulla Raatikainen and Pekka Välikangas at the Finnish Forest Research Institute, Salla Office for assistance in sampling and sorting the fine roots and Michael Bailey for language revision.

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Author notes

  1. L. O. Nilsson

    Present address: Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 9925, Svanvik, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    J. Leppälammi-Kujansuu & H.-S. Helmisaari

  2. Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia

    I. Ostonen

  3. Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    M. Strömgren & D. B. Kleja

  4. Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    L. O. Nilsson

  5. Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland

    S. P. Sah

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  1. J. Leppälammi-Kujansuu
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Correspondence to J. Leppälammi-Kujansuu.

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Leppälammi-Kujansuu, J., Ostonen, I., Strömgren, M. et al. Effects of long-term temperature and nutrient manipulation on Norway spruce fine roots and mycelia production. Plant Soil 366, 287–303 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1431-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1431-0

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