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The plant growth-promoting fungus Fusarium equiseti and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induce systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in cucumber plants

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Abstract

Aims

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of the interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Gm) and Fusarium equiseti GF18-3 on cucumber growth and the biocontrol of the yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y).

Methods

Cucumber plants were pre-inoculated with Gm and GF18-3 for 4 weeks before the leaves were inoculated with CMV. CMV accumulation in cucumber leaves was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-inoculation (WPI). An RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of defence-related genes.

Results

The co-inoculation of cucumber plants with Gm and GF18-3 or GF18-3 alone resulted in effective control of CMV disease severity, though no significant reduction was observed in the Gm-alone treatment. CMV accumulation was significantly decreased in cucumber plants treated with combined inoculation or with GF18-3 alone at 1, 2, and 3 WPI. The RT-PCR results revealed higher expression levels of SA-inducible genes in all treatments, while only Gm treatment of plants induced JA-inducible genes.

Conclusion

The dual inoculation treatment and inoculation with GF18-3 alone have the potential to reduce disease severity and increase plant growth. Moreover, modulation of plant defence responses in the shoots may contribute to this protection.

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Abbreviations

CMV:

Cucumber mosaic virus

BGI:

barley grain inoculum

BTH:

benzothiadiazole

ISR:

induced systemic resistance

JA:

jasmonic acid

PDA:

potato dextrose agar

PDB:

potato dextrose broth

PGPF:

plant growth-promoting fungi

PGPR:

plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

PR:

pathogenesis related

DPI:

days post inoculation

WAP:

weeks after planting

RT-PCR:

reverse transcription-PCR

SA:

salicylic acid

SAR:

systemic acquired resistance.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Egyptian Government and a grant (KAKEN (B) 22380177) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Monbukagakusho).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1193, Japan

    Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 33516, Egypt

    Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy

  3. Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan

    Hideki Takahashi

  4. Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1193, Japan

    Masafumi Shimizu & Mitsuro Hyakumachi

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  1. Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
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  2. Masafumi Shimizu
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  4. Mitsuro Hyakumachi
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Correspondence to Mitsuro Hyakumachi.

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Elsharkawy, M.M., Shimizu, M., Takahashi, H. et al. The plant growth-promoting fungus Fusarium equiseti and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induce systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in cucumber plants. Plant Soil 361, 397–409 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1255-y

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