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Modelling rhizosphere transport in the presence of goethite, including competitive uptake of phosphate and arsenate

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Abstract

A modelling approach was used to extend the knowledge about the processes that affect the availability of the nutrient P and the toxic agent AsV in the rhizosphere in the presence of a strong sorbent. Based on compartment system experiments in which Zea mays was grown the following hypothesis were assumed: a) measured P concentration gradients can be explained by the mobilisation of P by the root exudate citrate, and b) measured AsV concentration gradients can be explained by the simultaneous effect of the competitive sorption of AsV and P and the competitive uptake of AsV and P. First, the feasibility of the applied description of soil chemical processes was justified. Then competitive uptake was implemented in the computer code using two different mathematical approaches. Our model calculation provided support for hypothesis a) and suggested that hypothesis b) has to be extended. The results show that the competitive uptake of AsV and P has an influence on AsV concentrations in the rhizosphere, but including competitive uptake was not sufficient to predict observed AsV concentration profiles. Recent results on plant As-metabolism like AsIII efflux and Si AsIII interaction probably have to be included in addition for simulation of measured AsV concentration profiles.

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Notes

  1. 2007 CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances, Released biannually by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Online available at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/07list.html.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank for the valuable comments of the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript.

This work was conducted in the framework of the BASS Helmholtz-University Young Investigators Group, supported by the Helmholtz Association Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Krisztian Szegedi & Doris Vetterlein

  2. Soil Science and Soil Protection Group, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weidenplan 14, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Krisztian Szegedi, Doris Vetterlein & Reinhold Jahn

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  1. Krisztian Szegedi
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  3. Reinhold Jahn
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Correspondence to Krisztian Szegedi.

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Responsible Editor: Robert Reid.

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Table S1

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Appendix

Appendix

A short overview of the RhizoMath code

The first version of RhizoMath (Table 2 contains an overview about the development stages of RhizoMath) using a simplified chemistry was able to qualitatively reproduce experimentally observed effects of goethite addition and citrate exudation on the concentrations of P and AsV in the soil solution in the rhizosphere of Zea mays, which was grown in compartment systems under controlled conditions (Szegedi et al. 2008; Vetterlein et al. 2007). The calculations confirmed the hypotheses that the competitive sorption of AsV and P is a major process for AsV availability in the system, and citrate exudation has a stronger effect on P than on AsV concentrations. However, a quantitative agreement for different points in time between modelled and measured data could not be achieved.

In the second version, the transport module of RhizoMath was extended with a root compartment factor (RCF) that expresses the relative coverage of the root compartment by the roots and the active root surface behind the unit area of the compartment cross section. This allowed modelling a growing plant in the compartment system. In addition, temporal changes in water flux, driving mass flow to the root surface, and nutrient demand, determining sink strength, could be represented independently from each other. A good agreement between modelled and experimental data was thus achieved for experiments without added goethite, i.e. without activating the surface sorption calculation in RhizoMath (Szegedi 2009).

Table 2 Rhizosphere processes included in different versions of RhizoMath
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Szegedi, K., Vetterlein, D. & Jahn, R. Modelling rhizosphere transport in the presence of goethite, including competitive uptake of phosphate and arsenate. Plant Soil 330, 481–501 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0221-9

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