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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria communities occurring in soils under different uses in the Western Amazon Region as indicated by nodulation of siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum)

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Abstract

Understanding native communities is a crucial step for the management of biological nitrogen fixation, since they may be either a source of efficient strains or a limiting factor when efficient strains need to be introduced. This work aimed to evaluate the density, diversity and efficiency of Leguminosae nodulating bacterial (LNB) communities and their component strains in soils under various land use systems (LUSs): pristine forest, agriculture, pasture, agroforestry, young secondary forest, and old secondary forest,. The LNB communities were trapped from these soils by using the promiscuous host siratro under controlled conditions. We also studied their relationships with physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Agroforestry and agriculture soil samples induced the highest number of nodules in siratro, while forest soil samples induced the lowest number of nodules. No relationship was found between LNB and Leguminosae species diversity in the LUSs. The soil chemical variables that were most related to differences in nodule number and shoot dry matter weight of plants inoculated with soil suspensions of the LUSs were, respectively: Ca2+, Mg2+, base saturation, exchangeable bases and Cu2+; and pH, cation exchange capacity, B, Cu2+ and clay. Although, LNB communities from all LUSs were efficient under controlled and similar conditions, they were found to be composed of strains with variable efficiency: inefficient, efficient, highly efficient and superior efficiency. Efficient strains occurred at the highest frequency in all LUSs. The isolated strains presented similar and new sequences that were phylogenetically related to well known LNB genera in α-and β-Proteobacteria. Unusual genera in these branches, as well as in other branches, which are probably endophytic bacteria, were also isolated from nodules. These data support siratro as a useful trap species to study the LNB biodiversity of diverse ecosystems in tropical soils. The fact that the highest diversity and nodulation were seen in managed systems such as agriculture and agroforestry suggests a high resilience of LNB communities to changes in land use after deforestation in a region where large forest areas are still preserved and can be a source of propagules.

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Acknowledgements

We thank CAPES and CNPq for student fellowships, CNPq for a research fellowship and grant, and project GEF/UNEP-GF2715-02 (CSM-BGBD) for financial support. This publication presents part of the findings of the international project “Conservation and Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity” implemented in seven tropical countries—Brazil, Cote d’Ivoire, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, and Uganda. This project is coordinated by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (TSBF-CIAT with co-financing from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), and implementation support from the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Views expressed in this publication are those of their authors and do not necessary reflect those of the authors’ organization, the United Nations Environment Programme and the Global Environmental Facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Cl. João Leite, 517, Pombal, PB, Brazil

    Adriana Silva Lima

  2. Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Caixa Postal 58, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil

    Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega

  3. Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agrária (INCRA), Salvador, BA, Brazil

    Alexandre Barberi

  4. Graduate course Agricultural Microbiology, DBI-UFLA, Fellowship CAPES, Lavras, Brazil

    Krisle da Silva

  5. Departamento de Ciência Exatas (DEX), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Daniel Furtado Ferreira

  6. Departamento de Ciência do Solo (DCS), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Fátima Maria de Souza Moreira

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  1. Adriana Silva Lima
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  2. Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega
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  6. Fátima Maria de Souza Moreira
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Lima, A.S., Nóbrega, R.S.A., Barberi, A. et al. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria communities occurring in soils under different uses in the Western Amazon Region as indicated by nodulation of siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). Plant Soil 319, 127–145 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9855-2

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