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Diversity and Efficiency of Rhizobia from a Revegetated Area and Hotspot-Phytophysiognomies Affected by Iron Mining as Indicators of Rehabilitation and Biotechnological Potential

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the resilience of phytophysiognomies under influence of iron mining by assessing the occurrence, diversity, and symbiotic efficiency of native communities of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that nodulate leguminous plants (rhizobia) in soils of an area revegetated with grass after iron mining activities and in the phytophysiognomies in adjacent areas (Canga, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Eucalyptus-planted forest). Experiments for capturing rhizobia through two species of promiscuous plants, siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), were conducted in a greenhouse. The rhizobial strains isolated were characterized phenotypically, genetically (16S rRNA sequencing and BOX-PCR fingerprinting), and regard symbiotic efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) compared to mineral nitrogen and reference strains. Cowpea captured a higher density of rhizobia than siratro did. However, most of the strains captured by siratro had greater symbiotic efficiency. The revegetated area proved to be the community most efficient in N2 fixation and was also the most diverse, whereas Canga was the least diverse. For the two trap species, the predominant genus captured in the revegetated area and in the phytophysiognomies was Bradyrhizobium. The greater symbiotic efficiency and the high genetic diversity of the rhizobial community in the revegetated area indicate the effectiveness of the soil rehabilitation process. The revegetated area and the phytophysiognomies proved to harbor strains with high biotechnological potential. Results indicate that the high functional redundancy of this group of bacteria contributes to the resilience of these phytophysiognomies and the revegetated area.

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Funding

We are grateful for the financial support provided for the project CRA-RDP-00136–10 (FAPEMIG/FAPESP/FAPESPA/Vale S.A) and express our thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes/PROEX AUXPE 593–2018), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (Fapemig) for the financial support and scholarships granted to the authors.

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  1. Leonardo de Paiva Barbosa

    Present address: IFMG – Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Campus, Ponte Nova, MG, Brazil

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  1. Setor de Biologia, Microbiologia e Processos Biológicos do Solo, Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil

    Patrícia Freitas Costa, Aline Oliveira Silva, Amanda Azarias Guimarães, Lucas Lenin Resende de Assis, Márcia Rufini, Leonardo de Paiva Barbosa, Teotonio Soares de Carvalho & Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira

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All authors PFC, AOS, AAG, LLRdA, MR, LdPB, TSdC, and FMdSM have contributed for Conceptualization, Data acquisition, Data analysis, and Writing and editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira.

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284_2022_3104_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file1 (PDF 269 kb). Fig. S1 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences (1010 bp) of rhizobia species type strains and strains isolated from nodules of siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants that were inoculated with soil samples collected from Atlantic Forest, Canga (Ironstone Outcrops), Cerrado, Eucalyptus, and a Revegetated Area revegetated with grass in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, MG, Brazil. Bootstrap values were based on 1000 trials. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated from the dataset. Bootstrap values >70% are indicated at the nodes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in Mega5. Strains that showed high efficiency in nitrogen fixation are highlighted in bold

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Freitas Costa, P., Oliveira Silva, A., Azarias Guimarães, A. et al. Diversity and Efficiency of Rhizobia from a Revegetated Area and Hotspot-Phytophysiognomies Affected by Iron Mining as Indicators of Rehabilitation and Biotechnological Potential. Curr Microbiol 80, 40 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-03104-z

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