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Differential inducible defense mechanisms against bacterial speck pathogen in Arabidopsis thaliana by plant-growth-promoting-fungus Penicillium sp. GP16-2 and its cell free filtrate

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Abstract

Although a wealth of information is available regarding resistance induced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), not much is known about plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF). Hence, the goal of the present research was to provide more information on this matter. In Arabidopsis thaliana L., root colonizing PGPF Penicillium sp. GP16-2 or its cell free filtrate (CF) elicited an induced systemic resistance (ISR) against infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst), leading to a restriction of pathogen growth and disease development. We demonstrate that signal transduction leading to GP16-2-mediated ISR requires responsiveness to JA and ET in a NPR1-dependent manner, while CF-mediated ISR shows dispensability of SA, JA, ET and NPR1-dependent signaling (at least individually). In addition, root colonization by GP16-2 is not associated with a direct effect on expression of known defense-related genes, but potentiates the activation of JA/ET-inducible ChitB, which only becomes apparent after infection by Pst. However, CF-mediated ISR was partly associated with the direct activation of marker genes responsive to both SA and JA/ET signaling pathways and partly associated with priming, leading to activation of JA-/ET-inducible ChitB and Hel genes. These suggest that CF may contain one or more elicitors that induce resistance by way where at least SA, JA and ET may play a role in defense signaling in Arabidopsis. Therefore, defense gene changes and underlying signaling pathways induced by Penicillium sp. GP16-2 root colonization and its CF application are not the same and only partially overlap.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank K.S. Park for providing wild type Col-0 seeds. We thank the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center for providing Arabidopsis mutants. We thank provision of bacterial pathogen by Y. Ichinose. Financial support through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MONBUKAGAKUSHO), Japan is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

    Md. Motaher Hossain & Farjana Sultana

  2. Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Mayumi Kubota & Mitsuro Hyakumachi

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  1. Md. Motaher Hossain
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  2. Farjana Sultana
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  3. Mayumi Kubota
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  4. Mitsuro Hyakumachi
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Correspondence to Mitsuro Hyakumachi.

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Hossain, M.M., Sultana, F., Kubota, M. et al. Differential inducible defense mechanisms against bacterial speck pathogen in Arabidopsis thaliana by plant-growth-promoting-fungus Penicillium sp. GP16-2 and its cell free filtrate. Plant Soil 304, 227–239 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9542-3

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