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Iron Enhances Aluminum-induced Leaf Necrosis and Plant Growth Inhibition in Eucalyptus camaldulensis

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Abstract

The combined effects of excess Fe and Al on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were studied by investigating time course and visible symptoms of leaf necrosis, plant biomass, the status of some antioxidants and pigments and nutrient concentrations. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions containing 0 or 500 μM AlCl3, each with a FeSO4 range of 1, 12 and 120 μM at pH 4.2. Leaf necrosis and plant growth inhibition were induced by Al and enhanced by the increase in Fe concentration. The process from the first appearance of necrotic spots to leaf death (shedding) of a leaf proceeded from a few days to about 20 days after the leaf had fully expanded. Either 120 μM Fe without Al or Al reduced plant growth to a similar extent but 120 μM Fe without Al did not cause leaf necrosis. In leaves, excess Fe (12 and 120 μM) without Al reduced concentration of ASC and GSH, while concentration of Fe, DHA and GSSG and DHA:ASC and GSSG:GSH ratios tended to increase with the increase in Fe concentration in treatment solution with or without Al. At 1 μM Fe, Al increased concentration of DHA and DHA:ASC and GSSG:GSH ratios. Catalase activity in leaves reduced with the increase in leaf Al concentration. At 1 μM Fe, Al greatly reduced concentrations of Fe and chlorophylls in leaves but increase two times Fe concentration in stems. These suggest that the enhancement effects of Fe on Al-induced leaf necrosis and plant growth inhibition can be discussed in context of the excess Fe itself weakens antioxidant capability of ASC–GSH cycle in leaves and greatly reduces plant growth; and the increase in Fe accumulation in stems is involved in Al-induced leaf chlorosis.

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Abbreviations

ASC:

ascorbate

DHA:

dehydroascorbate

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan

    Nguyen Tran Nguyen & Kounosuke Fujita

  2. Forest Science Sub-Institute of South Vietnam, HoChiMinh city, Vietnam

    Ngo Duc Hiep

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  1. Nguyen Tran Nguyen
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  2. Ngo Duc Hiep
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  3. Kounosuke Fujita
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Correspondence to Kounosuke Fujita.

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Nguyen, N.T., Hiep, N.D. & Fujita, K. Iron Enhances Aluminum-induced Leaf Necrosis and Plant Growth Inhibition in Eucalyptus camaldulensis . Plant Soil 277, 139–152 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-6516-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-6516-6

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