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Expression analysis of the AtMLO Gene Family Encoding Plant-Specific Seven-Transmembrane Domain Proteins

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Abstract

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 15 genes encoding protein homologs of the barley mildew resistance locus o (MLO) protein biochemically shown to have a seven-transmembrane domain topology and localize to the plasma membrane. Towards elucidating the functions of MLOs, the largest family of seven-transmembrane domain proteins specific to plants, we comprehensively determined AtMLO gene expression patterns by a combination of experimental and in silico studies. Experimentation comprised analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis lines bearing promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) transcriptional fusions as well as semi-quantitative determination of transcripts by reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results were combined with information extracted from public gene profiling databases, and compared to the expression patterns of genes encoding the heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. We found that each AtMLO gene has a unique expression pattern and is regulated differently by a variety of biotic and/or abiotic stimuli, suggesting that AtMLO proteins function in diverse developmental and response processes. The expression of several phylogenetically closely-related AtMLO genes showed similar or overlapping tissue specificity and analogous responsiveness to external stimuli, suggesting functional redundancy, co-function, or antagonistic function(s).

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Abbreviations

AGB1:

the Arabidopsis Gβ subunit

AGG1:

the Arabidopsis Gγ subunit1

AGG2:

the Arabidopsis Gγ subunit2

FRET:

Förster/Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

GCR1:

G-Coupled Receptor1

GPA1:

the Arabidopsis Gα subunit

GPCRs:

G-protein coupled receptors

GUS:

β-glucuronidase

MLO:

mildew resistance locus o

RGS1:

Regulator of G-protein Signaling

7TM:

seven-transmembrane

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Zhongying Chen, Ming-Jing Wu, Erin J. Friedman, Jin-Gui Chen, Matthew Pulley & Alan M. Jones

  2. Department of Plant–Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany

    H. Andreas Hartmann, Paul Schulze-Lefert & Ralph Panstruga

  3. Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Alan M. Jones

  4. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Jin-Gui Chen

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  1. Zhongying Chen
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  2. H. Andreas Hartmann
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  3. Ming-Jing Wu
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  4. Erin J. Friedman
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  5. Jin-Gui Chen
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  6. Matthew Pulley
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  7. Paul Schulze-Lefert
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  8. Ralph Panstruga
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  9. Alan M. Jones
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Correspondence to Alan M. Jones.

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Chen, Z., Hartmann, H.A., Wu, MJ. et al. Expression analysis of the AtMLO Gene Family Encoding Plant-Specific Seven-Transmembrane Domain Proteins. Plant Mol Biol 60, 583–597 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-5082-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-5082-x

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