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Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines?

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Abstract

Modern vaccine design has moved away from attenuated or inactivated whole-pathogen vaccines to more pure and defined subunit vaccines. However subunit antigens have poor bioavailability and stability and lack immunogenicity. To overcome these issues subunit vaccines have to be administered in a suitable delivery system in combination with immune stimulants. Many different delivery systems have been developed and investigated each having different modes of action, for example increasing delivery and/or sustaining delivery of antigen to immune cells. In addition a number of different routes of immunization are possible and these can play a crucial role in determining the fate of an immune response. In this review the different strategies for the delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic subunit vaccines along with the impact of these on the immune responses generated are discussed.

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Abbreviations

AMVAD:

Archaeal-lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery

APCs:

Antigen presenting cells

BALT:

Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

BGs:

Bacterial ghosts

dDCs:

Dermal dendritic cells

DPIs:

Dry powder inhalers

GALT:

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

HBsAg:

Hepatitis B surface antigen

ID:

Intradermal

IL:

Intralymphatic

IM:

Intramuscular

IP:

Intraperitoneal

ISCOMs:

Immune stimulating complexes

IV:

Intravenous

LCs:

Langerhans cells

M cells:

Microfold cells

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

NALT:

Nose-associated lymphoid tissue

NLRP3:

Nod-like receptor protein 3

PLGA:

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)

pMDIs:

Pressurized metered dose inhalers

PP:

Peyer’s patches

PRRs:

Pathogen recognition receptors

SC:

Subcutaneous

TRP:

Toll-like receptor

VLPs:

Virus like particles

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  1. School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand

    Sharan Bobbala & Sarah Hook

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  1. Sharan Bobbala
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  2. Sarah Hook
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Correspondence to Sarah Hook.

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Bobbala, S., Hook, S. Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines?. Pharm Res 33, 2078–2097 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1979-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1979-0

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