Abstract
The whole blood viscosity (WBV) is one of the major independent indicators for the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases. Furthermore, oxidized LDL molecules are known to cause atherosclerotic plaques in arteries, and it is one of the key components that increase WBV. The present study attempted to reduce WBV by coagulating plasma proteins and lipid molecules from blood plasma using non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and removing them through filtration. The DBD treatment was found to produce coagulated particles in blood plasma. After filtration of the coagulated particles, WBV decreased by 9.1 and 17.7% for both systolic and diastolic blood viscosities, respectively. The present results suggest that the removal of excess plasma proteins and lipid molecules might be feasible using DBD treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee AJ, Mowbray PI, Lowe G, Rumley A, Fowkes FGR, Allan PL (1998) Blood viscosity and elevated carotid intima-media thickness in men and women: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation 97(15):1467
Caimi G, Valenti A, Lo Presti R (2007) Acute myocardial infarction in young adults: evaluation of the haemorheological pattern at the initial stage, after 3 and 12 months. Ann Ist Super Sanita 43(2):139–143
Ciuffetti G, Schillaci G, Lombardini R, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Mannarino E (2005) Prognostic impact of low-shear whole blood viscosity in hypertensive men. Eur J Clin Invest 35(2):93–98
Lee BK, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Wenby RB, Meiselman HJ, Alexy T (2008) Hemorheological abnormalities in stable angina and acute coronary syndromes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 39(1–4):43–51
Chien S (1986) Blood rheology in myocardial infarction and hypertension. Biorheology 23(6):633–653
Ernst E, Matrai A, Marshall M (1988) Blood rheology in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 19(5):634–636
Fisher M, Meiselman HJ (1991) Hemorheological factors in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 22(9):1164–1169
Velcheva I, Antonova N, Titianova E, Damianov P, Dimitrov N, Dimitrova V (2008) Hemorheological disturbances in cerebrovascular diseases. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 39(1–4):391–396
Tsuda Y, Satoh K, Kitadai M, Takahashi T (1997) Hemorheologic profiles of plasma fibrinogen and blood viscosity from silent to acute and chronic cerebral infarctions. J Neurol Sci 147(1):49–54
Cecchi E, Marcucci R, Poli D, Antonucci E, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Prisco D, Mannini L (2006) Hyperviscosity as a possible risk factor for cerebral ischemic complications in atrial fibrillation patients. Am J Cardiol 97(12):1745–1748
Coull BM, Beamer N, de Garmo P, Sexton G, Nordt F, Knox R, Seaman GV (1991) Chronic blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke, transient ischemic attack, and risk factors for stroke. Stroke 22(2):162–168
Le Devehat C, Khodabandehlou T, Vimeux M (2001) Impaired hemorheological properties in diabetic patients with lower limb arterial ischaemia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 25(2):43–48
Di Perri T, Forconi S, Agnusdei D, Guerrini M, Laghi Pasini F (1978) The effects of intravenous isoxsuprine on blood viscosity in patients with occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 5(3):255–260
Smith FB, Lee AJ, Hau CM, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Fowkes FG (2000) Plasma fibrinogen, haemostatic factors and prediction of peripheral arterial disease in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 11(1):43–50
Ando J, Yamamoto K (2009) Vascular mechanobiology: endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress. Circ J 73(11):1983–1992
Libby P, Okamoto Y, Rocha VZ, Folco E (2010) Inflammation in atherosclerosis: transition from theory to practice. Circ J 74(2):213–220
Caro CG (2009) Discovery of the role of wall shear in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29(2):158–161
Falk E (2006) Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 47(8):C7–C12
Malek AM, Alper SL, Izumo S (1999) Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. JAMA 282(21):2035–2042
Merrill EW, Cokelet GC, Britten A, Wells RE Jr (1963) Non-Newtonian rheology of human blood: effect of fibrinogen deduced by “subtraction”. Circ Res 13:48–55
Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ (2003) Blood rheology and hemodynamics. Semin Thromb Hemost 29(5):435–450
Stoltz JF, Singh M, Riha P (1999) Hemorheology in practice. IOS Press, Wahington, DC
Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ (2007) Hemodynamic effects of red blood cell aggregation. Indian J Exp Biol 45(1):25–31
Bandello F, Vigano D’Angelo S, Parlavecchia M, Tavola A, Della Valle P, Brancato R, D’Angelo A (1994) Hypercoagulability and high lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Thromb Haemost 72(1):39–43
Caen JP, Soria J, Collet JP, Soria C (1993) Fibrinogen, a vascular risk factor. Bull Acad Natl Med 177 (8):1433–1441; discussion 1441–1434
Chien S, Usami S, Dellenback RJ, Gregersen MI, Nanninga LB, Guest MM (1967) Blood viscosity: influence of erythrocyte aggregation. Science 157(3790):829–831
Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ (2009) Red blood cell “aggregability”. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 43(4):353–354
Pasternak RC, Smith SC Jr, Bairey-Merz CN, Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Lenfant C (2002) ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. Circulation 106(8):1024
Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A III, Goldstein LB, Hennerici M, Rudolph AE, Sillesen H, Simunovic L, Szarek M, Welch KM, Zivin JA (2006) High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 355(6):549–559
Davignon J (2001) Advances in lipid-lowering therapy in atherosclerosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 498:49–58
LaRosa JC, He J, Vupputuri S (1999) Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease. JAMA 282(24):2340
Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, Kirby A, Sourjina T, Peto R, Collins R, Simes R (2005) Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90, 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366(9493):1267–1278
Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R (2004) Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 363(9411):757–767
Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, Peto R, Armitage J, Baigent C (2008) Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18, 686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 371(9607):117–125
Banyai S, Banyai M, Falger J, Jansen M, Alt E, Derfler K, Koppensteiner R (2001) Atorvastatin improves blood rheology in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on long-term LDL apheresis treatment. Atherosclerosis 159(2):513–519
Antons KA, Williams CD, Baker SK, Phillips PS (2006) Clinical perspectives of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis. Am J Med 119(5):400–409
Kiortsis D, Filippatos T, Mikhailidis D, Elisaf M, Liberopoulos E (2007) Statin-associated adverse effects beyond muscle and liver toxicity. Atherosclerosis 195(1):7–16
Cohen DE, Anania FA, Chalasani N (2006) An assessment of statin safety by hepatologists. Am J Cardiol 97(8):S77–S81
Kalghatgi SU, Fridman G, Cooper M, Nagaraj G, Peddinghaus M, Balasubramanian M, Vasilets VN, Gutsol AF, Fridman A, Friedman G (2007) Mechanism of blood coagulation by nonthermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 35(5):1559–1566
Fridman G, Shereshevsky A, Jost MM, Brooks AD, Fridman A, Gutsol A, Vasilets V, Friedman G (2007) Floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air promoting apoptotic behavior in melanoma skin cancer cell lines. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 27(2):163–176
Stoffels E, Kieft I, Sladek R (2003) Superficial treatment of mammalian cells using plasma needle. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:2908
Stoffels E, Sladek R, Kieft I (2004) Gas plasma effects on living cells. Physica Scripta 2004:79
Fridman G, Peddinghaus M, Balasubramanian M, Ayan H, Fridman A, Gutsol A, Brooks A (2006) Blood coagulation and living tissue sterilization by floating-electrode dielectric barrier discharge in air. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 26(4):425–442
Fridman G, Friedman G, Gutsol A, Shekhter AB, Vasilets VN, Fridman A (2008) Applied plasma medicine. Plasma Process Polym 5(6):503–533
Chirokov A, Gutsol A, Fridman A (2005) Atmospheric pressure plasma of dielectric barrier discharges. Pure Appl Chem 77(2):487–495
Kalghatgi SU, Fridman G, Fridman A, Friedman G, Clyne AM (2008) Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of endothelial cells. In 2008. IEEE, pp 3578–3581
Dobrynin D, Fridman G, Friedman G, Fridman A (2009) Physical and biological mechanisms of direct plasma interaction with living tissue. New J Phys 11:115020
Ayan H, Fridman G, Staack D, Gutsol AF, Vasilets VN, Fridman AA, Friedman G (2009) Heating effect of dielectric barrier discharges for direct medical treatment. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 37(1):113–120
Kim S, Cho YI, Hogenauer WN, Kensey KR (2002) A method of isolating surface tension and yield stress effects in a U-shaped scanning capillary-tube viscometer using a Casson model. J Non-Newton Fluid Mech 103(2–3):205–219
Matrai A, Whittington R, Ernst E (1985) Correction of blood viscosities to standard haematocrit: a simple new method. Clin Hemorheol 5:622
Matrai A, Whittington R, Ernst E (1987) A simple method of estimating whole blood viscosity at standardized hematocrit. Clin Hemorheol 7:261–265
Hall CE, Slayter HS (1959) The fibrinogen molecule: its size, shape, and mode of polymerization. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 5(1):11
Mora S, Szklo M, Otvos JD, Greenland P, Psaty BM, Goff DC (2007) LDL particle subclasses, LDL particle size, and carotid atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 192(1):211–217
El Harchaoui K, van der Steeg WA, Stroes ESG, Kuivenhoven JA, Otvos JD, Wareham NJ, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM (2007) Value of low-density lipoprotein particle number and size as predictors of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women: The EPIC-norfolk prospective population study. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(5):547–553
Jidenko N, Bourgeois E, Borra J-P (2010) Temperature profiles in filamentary dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure. J Phys D Appl Phys 43(29):295203
Nozaki T, Miyazaki Y, Unno Y, Okazaki K (2001) Energy distribution and heat transfer mechanisms in atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas. J Phys D Appl Phys 34:3383–3390
Bray JJ (1999) Lecture notes on human physiology, 2nd edn. Wiley, Blackwell
Oehmigen K, Hähnel M, Brandenburg R, Wilke C, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T (2010) The role of acidification for antimicrobial activity of atmospheric pressure plasma in liquids. Plasma Process Polym 7(3–4):250–257
Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A (2002) Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 105(9):1135–1143
Epstein FH, Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH (1992) The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 326(4):242–250
Sloop GD, Garber DW (1997) The effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 92(5):473–479
Sloop GD, Mercante DE (1998) Opposite effects of low-density and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity in fasting subjects. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 19(3):197–203
Slyper A, Le A, Jurva J, Gutterman D (2005) The influence of lipoproteins on whole-blood viscosity at multiple shear rates. Metabolism 54(6):764–768
Moriarty PM, Gibson CA, Kensey KR, Hogenauer W (2004) Effect of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol apheresis on blood viscosity. Am J Cardiol 93(8):1044–1046
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jung, J.M., Yang, Y., Lee, D.H. et al. Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Treatment of Blood Plasma to Improve Rheological Properties of Blood. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 32, 165–176 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9336-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9336-x