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Optimization of different TDM techniques in DWDM optical networks for FWM suppression

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Abstract

Next-generation optical communication systems demand more capacity, a large number of users, and high data rates this is solved by using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems with lower interchannel space and high input power. However, increasing power and decreasing space can cause nonlinear effects such as four wave mixing (FWM). Time-division multiplexing (TDM) can be used to decrease the power of FWM products. In this paper, the effect of TDM combined with DWDM is analysed to reduce FWM. The analysis is carried out and the system is evaluated based on FWM efficiency, bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), and the received power. Simulations are carried out at 2.5, 3.5, and 5 Gbps at a transmission length of 100 km. The simulation procedure includes the use of 2-TDM, 4-TDM and 8-TDM at different data rates aiming to enhance the system performance. The obtained average FWM efficiency is − 68.2, − 70.6, and − 74.8, respectively. While, 2-TDM, 4-TDM, and 8-TDM provide average Q-factor of 33.9, 19.2, and 12.7, respectively, clearly illustrating the surge in system quality. A trade-off between the system quality and FWM efficiency is done using different data rates.

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The data used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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The authors did not receive any funds to support this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Communication Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan

    Alishah Khalid

  2. James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Habib Ullah Manzoor

  3. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan

    Hafiz Ashiq Hussian

  4. College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime, Alexandria, Egypt

    Moustafa H. Aly

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  1. Alishah Khalid
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  2. Habib Ullah Manzoor
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  3. Hafiz Ashiq Hussian
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  4. Moustafa H. Aly
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Contributions

AK, HUM, HAH, MHA have directly participated in the planning, execution, and analysis of this study. AK drafted the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Moustafa H. Aly.

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Khalid, A., Manzoor, H.U., Hussian, H.A. et al. Optimization of different TDM techniques in DWDM optical networks for FWM suppression. Opt Quant Electron 55, 206 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04455-4

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