Koch fractal loaded high gain Super-wideband diversity THz MIMO antenna for vehicular communication

Abstract

A Koch fractal-loaded high gain two and four-port Super Wide Band (SWB) MIMO THz antenna is proposed for future vehicular communication applications. The proposed antenna comprises two iterations and a partial ground plane. The size of the proposed unit cell is $750\,{\,\upmu }\text{m}\times 700\,\upmu \text{m}\times 101.2\,\upmu \text{m}$, the size of the proposed two-port MIMO antenna is $1400\,\upmu \text{m}\times 750\,\upmu \text{m}\times 101.2\,\upmu \text{m}$, and the size of the proposed four-port MIMO antenna is $1500\,\upmu \text{m}\times 1500\,\upmu \text{m}\times 101.2\,\upmu \text{m}$. The proposed antenna is placed on $101.2\,\upmu \text{m}$ polyimide substrate for THz applications. The THz SWB MIMO antenna operated from 0.3 to 10 THz with less than − 10 dB reflection coefficient. The reduced mutual coupling (less than − 20 dB) is achieved between two ports and four ports are achieved using orthogonal placement and F-shaped decoupling stub. The proposed antenna has a high gain (6–18 dB) over 0.3–10 THz due to the two iterations of the Koch fractal. The S-parameter and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna are analyzed. Further, MIMO metrics ECC, TARC, DG, and CCL are analyzed for the proposed THz MIMO antenna. In comparison to recently reported configurations, the proposed antenna offers the benefits of broad bandwidth and small dimensions. Further, the antenna in package performance analysis is carried out for the proposed antenna.