Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tilted fiber Bragg grating design for a simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bragg wavelength is sensitive to both temperature and strain changes. Therefore, in sensors that are designed using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), it is not possible to discriminate the cross-sensitivity of temperature and strain. The design of tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG), which is a family of short-period gratings, has been one of the solutions to this problem. The core mode resonance (LP01) and cladding resonances (LPmn) appear simultaneously in the transmission spectrum. It is possible to perform the simultaneous, independent measurement of temperature and strain using only a TFBG. In this study, the design of a TFBG sensor with a tilt angle of 5° were performed by using the Optigrating 4.2.2 software in order to measure the temperature and strain simultaneously. While the varying temperature was applied to the TFBG in the first stage, the varying strain was applied to it in the second stage, and simultaneously varying temperature and strain were applied to it in the third stage, and linear shifts occurring in wavelengths were calculated using Optigrating. In the design stage of the temperature sensor, research was conducted with different thermal expansion and thermo-optic coefficients, the amounts of shifts caused by these coefficients in the wavelength were examined. It was observed that the change in the wavelength caused by the simultaneous application of temperature and strain was equal to the total change in wavelength that occurred in the non-simultaneous application of temperature and strain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Ʌ:

Grating period

Λg :

Grating period of TFBG

λcore, λghost, \({\uplambda}_{\mathrm{clad}}^{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Wavelength of the core, ghost and ith cladding mode

neff, core, \({\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{eff},\mathrm{clad}}^{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Effective refractive index of the core mode and ith cladding mode of fiber

αcore, αclad :

Thermal expansion coefficient of core and cladding

ξcore, ξclad :

Thermo-optic coefficient of core and ghost cladding

Δλcore, \(\Delta {\uplambda}_{\mathrm{clad}}^{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Amount of shift in the wavelength of the core mode and ith cladding mode

ΔΤ :

Applied temperature change

Δε :

Applied strain change

pe :

Photoelastic coefficient of the fiber

p11, p12 :

Pockel’s coefficient of the stress-optical tensor

ν:

Poisson’s ratio

pcore, \({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{clad}}^{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Strain-optic coefficients of the core mode and ith cladding mode

αcore, αclad :

Radius of core and cladding

ncore, nclad :

Refractive index of core and cladding

Ɩ:

Length of TFBG

Δn :

Modulation index

|λcore − λghost|:

Distance between the core and ghost modes

References

  • Burunkaya, M., Yucel, M.: Measurement and control of an incubator temperature by using conventional methods and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based temperature sensors. J. Med. Syst. 44(10), 178 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campanella, C.E., Cuccovillo, A., Yurt, A., Passaro, V.: Fibre Bragg grating based strain sensors: review of technology and applications. Sensors. 18(9), 3115 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chehura, E., James, S.W., Tatam, R.P.: Simultaneous, independent measurement of temperature and strain using a tilted fibre Bragg grating. In: Proceedings of SPIE 6619, Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, Napoli, Italy, pp. 66190I-1–66190I-4 (2007)

  • Chen, C., Shevchenko, Y.Y., Albert, J.: Novel sensing mechanisms using tilted fiber Bragg gratings. In: Bock, W.J., Gannot, I., Tanev, S. (eds.) Optical Waveguide Sensing and Imaging NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, pp. 25–49. Springer, Dordrecht (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, D., Yan, F., Feng, T., Bai, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, W., Liu, S., Zhou, H., Hou, Y.: Single weakly tilted FBG in 2-μm band capable of measuring temperature, axial strain, and surrounding refractive index. Opt. Eng. 57(9), 096107 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Elgaud, M.M., Zan, M.S.D., Abushagur, A.A.G., Bakar, A.A.A.: Analysis of independent strain-temperature fiber Bragg grating sensing technique using OptiSystem and OptiGrating. In: 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Photonics (ICP), Kuching, Malaysia, pp. 1–3 (2016)

  • Frazao, O., Santos, J.L.: Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a Bragg grating structure written in germanosilicate fibres. J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 553–556 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., Liu, C., Mu, H.: Effects of temperature changes on the transmission spectra of tilted fiber Bragg grating. Adv. Mater. Res. 926–930, 462–465 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, T., Ivanov, A., Chen, C., Albert, J.: Temperature-independent tilted fiber grating vibration sensor based on cladding-core recoupling. Opt Lett. 33(9), 1004–1007 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kipriksiz, S., Yucel, M.: Design and implementation of temperature sensor using non-uniform fiber Bragg grating. J. Polytech. (2021). https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.727105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, R., Sharma, A.: A new method to analyze fiber Bragg gratings. Opt. Fiber Technol. 53, 102017 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.S., Erdogan, T.: Fiber mode coupling in transmissive and reflective tilted fiber gratings. Appl. Opt. 39(9), 1394–1404 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Miao, Y., Liu, B., Zhao, Q.: Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using single tilted fibre Bragg grating. Electron. Lett. 44(21), 1242–1243 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nandi, S., Indumathi, T.S., Priya, R.V., Kori, A.: Analysis of fiber Bragg grating spectral characteristics using couple mode theory for sensor applications. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS-2019), Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 868–879 (2019)

  • Sengupta, D.: Fiber Bragg grating sensors and interrogation systems. In: Rajan, G. (ed.) Optical Fiber Sensors, Advanced Techniques and Applications, pp. 207–256. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, X., Zeng, L., Du, H., Dong, X., Chang, Z., Hu, Y., Duan, J.: Phase-shifted gratings fabricated with femtosecond laser by overlapped two types of fiber Bragg gratings. Opt. Laser Technol. 124, 105969 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q., Li, X., Zhao, X., Zhao, C.: Characterization of temperature and strain using a tilted fiber Bragg grating. J. Instrum. Sci. Technol. 43(2), 244–254 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yucel, M., Ozturk, N., Torun, M.: Design and application of a fiber Bragg grating array based temperature measurement system. J. Fac. Eng. Archit. Gazi Univ. 32(3), 957–964 (2017a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yucel, M., Torun, M., Burunkaya, M.: Improvement of signal to noise ratio in fiber Bragg grating based sensor systems. In: 2017 25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), Antalya, Turkey (2017b)

  • Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Bennion, I.: In-fiber grating optic sensors. In: Yin, S., Ruffin, P.B., Yu, F.T.S. (eds.) Fiber Optic Sensors, 2nd edn, pp. 109–162. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W., Yang, B., Tong, Z., Miao, Y., Liu, B., Dong, X.: Temperature and strain sensing characteristics of the tilted fiber Bragg grating. Optoelectron. Lett. 6(5), 355–358 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Institute of Science, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Selin Ece Kipriksiz

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Faculty of Technology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Murat Yücel

Authors
  1. Selin Ece Kipriksiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Murat Yücel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Murat Yücel.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kipriksiz, S.E., Yücel, M. Tilted fiber Bragg grating design for a simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. Opt Quant Electron 53, 6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02609-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02609-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation