Abstract
To develop secure communication, the paper presents complex function projective synchronization (CFPS) of complex chaotic systems. Aimed to coupled complex chaotic system, the control law is derived to make the complex state vectors asymptotically synchronize up to a desired complex function matrix. Based on CFPS, a novel communication scheme is further designed in theory. Its main idea is chaotic masking in essence, but the transmitted signal is the derivative of the product of the information signal and chaotic signal. As the complex scaling functions are arbitrary and more unpredictable than real scaling functions, and the product and derivative operations of complex numbers are complicated, the possibility that an interceptor extracts the information from the transmitted signal is greatly reduced. The communication system can transmit analog signal and digital symbols with fast transmission and high security, especially low bit-error rate and the strong robustness to noise for digital symbols. The corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the analytical results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fowler, A.C., Gibbon, J.D.: The complex Lorenz equations. Physica D 4(2), 139–163 (1982)
Mahmoud, G.M., Bountis, T., Mahmoud, E.E.: Active control and global synchronization of complex Chen and L\(\ddot{u}\) systems. Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos 17(12), 4295–4308 (2007)
Illing, L.: Digital communication using chaos and nonlinear dynamics. Nonlinear Anal. 71(12), 2958–2964 (2009)
Mahmoud, G.M., Mahmoud, E.E.: Phase and antiphase synchronization of two identical hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems. Nonlinear Dyn. 61(1–2), 141–152 (2010)
Mahmoud, G.M., Mahmoud, E.E.: Complete synchronization of chaotic complex nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters. Nonlinear Dyn. 62(4), 875–882 (2010)
Liu, S.T., Liu, P.: Adaptive anti-synchronization of chaotic complex nonlinear systems with unknown parameters. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 12(6), 3046–3055 (2011)
Liu, P., Liu, S.T.: Anti-synchronization between different chaotic complex systems. Phys. Scr. 83(6), 065006 (2011)
Mahmoud, G.M., Mahmoud, E.E.: Lag synchronization of hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems. Nonlinear Dyn. 67(2), 1613–1622 (2012)
Mahmoud, G.M., Mahmoud, E.E.: Synchronization and control of hyperchaotic complex Lorenz system. Math. Comput. Simul. 80(12), 2286–2296 (2010)
Liu, P., Liu, S.T.: Robust adaptive full state hybrid synchronization of chaotic complex systems with unknown parameters and external disturbances. Nonlinear Dyn. 70(1), 585–599 (2012)
Mahmoud, E.E.: Modified projective phase synchronization of chaotic complex nonlinear systems. Math. Comput. Simul. 89, 69–85 (2013)
Chee, C.Y., Xu, D.L.: Chaos-based M-nary digital communication technique using controlled projective synchronization. IEE Proc. Circuits Dev. Syst. 153(4), 357–360 (2006)
Mahmoud, G.M., Mahmoud, E.E., Arafa, A.A.: On projective synchronization of hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems based on passive theory for secure communications. Phys. Scr. 87, 055002 (2013)
Zhu, H.: Adaptive modified function projective synchronization of a new chaotic complex system with uncertain parameters. In: ICCRD: 3rd International Conference on Computer Research Development 4, Shanghai, pp. 451–455 (2011)
Liu, P., et al.: Adaptive modified function projective synchronization of general uncertain chaotic complex systems. Phys. Scr. 85(3), 035005 (2012)
Du, H.Y., Zeng, Q.S., et al.: Function projective synchronization in coupled chaotic systems. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 11(2), 705–712 (2010)
Zhou, P., Zhu, W.: Function projective synchronization for fractional-order chaotic systems. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 12(2), 811–816 (2011)
Sudheer, K.S., Sabir, M.: Switched modified function projective synchronization of hyperchaotic Qi system with uncertain parameters. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 15(12), 4058–4064 (2010)
Zheng, S., Dong, G.G., Bi, Q.S.: Adaptive modified function projective synchronization of hyperchaotic systems with unknown parameters. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 15(11), 3547–3556 (2011)
Fu, G.Y.: Robust adaptive modified function projective synchronization of different hyperchaotic systems subject to external disturbance. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17(6), 2602–2608 (2012)
Zheng, S.: Adaptive modified function projective synchronization of unknown chaotic systems with different order. Appl. Math. Comput. 218(10), 5891–5899 (2012)
Yu, Y.G., Li, H.X.: Adaptive generalized function projective synchronization of uncertain chaotic systems. Nonlinear Anal. RWA 11(4), 2456–2464 (2010)
Wu, X.J., Lu, H.T.: Generalized function projective (lag, anticipated and complete) synchronization between two different complex networks with nonidentical nodes. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17(7), 3005–3021 (2012)
Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64(8), 821–824 (1990)
Cuomo, K.M., Oppenheim, A.V.: Circuit implementation of synchronized chaos with applications to communications. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(1), 65–68 (1993)
VanWiggeren, G.D., Roy, R.: Communication with chaotic lasers. Science 279(5354), 1198–1200 (1998)
VanWiggeren, G.D., Roy, R.: Optical communication with chaotic waveforms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(16), 3547–3550 (1998)
Xu, D.L., Chee, C.Y.: Controlling the ultimate state of projective synchronization in chaotic systems of arbitrary dimension. Phys. Rev. E 66(4), 046218 (2002)
Moskalenko, O.I., Koronovskii, A.A., Hramov, A.E.: Generalized synchronization of chaos for secure communication: remarkable stability to noise. Phys. Lett. A 374(29), 2925–2931 (2010)
Zaher, A.A., Abu-Rezq, A.: On the design of chaos-based secure communication systems. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 16(9), 3721–3737 (2011)
Eisencraft, M., et al.: Chaos-based communication systems in non-ideal channels. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17(12), 4707–4718 (2012)
Tao, G.: A simple alternative to the Barbalat lemma. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 42(5), 698 (1997)
Acknowledgments
The work was partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (numbers 61273088, 10971120, 61001099) and the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong province (number ZR2010FM010). The authors would like to thank the editors and the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions which improved the quality of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, S., Zhang, F. Complex function projective synchronization of complex chaotic system and its applications in secure communication. Nonlinear Dyn 76, 1087–1097 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-013-1192-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-013-1192-1