Abstract
As consequences of heavy floods in Germany in August 2002, the Umweltbundesamt UBA—German Environmental Protection Agency—started a research project on the safety of industrial installations due to technical as well as natural risks. Although the main focus of this research was on floods, risks due to storms and earthquakes were studied too. The present paper offers a brief survey of the storm and earthquake regulations for all built environment in Germany, including industrial plants. It further shows how these natural hazardous risks are treated in National building standards, and how they are transformed into residual failure risks of buildings. Based on this knowledge the manuscript then elucidates exemplary safety gaps in combination with technical risks in industrial plants under operation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertero VV (1997) Performance-Based Seismic Engineering: a critical review of proposed guidelines. In: Fajfar P, Krawinkler H (eds), Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes, 1–31. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
DIN 1055-100 (2001) Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke, Teil 100: Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung, Sicherheitskonzept und Bemessungsregeln. NABau im DIN, Berlin
DIN 1055-4 (2005) Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke, Teil 4: Windlasten. NABau im DIN, Berlin
DIN 4149 (2005) Bauten in Deutschen Erdbebengebieten. NABau im DIN, Berlin
EC 8 (1994) Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures. CEN European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
EU (2003) SEVESO II-Directive 2003/105/EG from December 16, Control of accidents with dangerous substances, substituting 1996/82/EG
FEMA 310 (1998) Handbook for the seismic evaluation of buildings—A pre-standard. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington
Fendler R (2008) Floods and safety of establishments and installations containing hazardous substances. Nat Hazards. doi:10.1007/s11069-007-9209-z
Krätzig WB (2006) Damage indicators for estimates of seismic vulnerability. In: Topping BHV, Montero G, Montenegro R (eds) Innovations in Computational Structures Technologies. Saxe-Coburg Publications, Stirlingshire, pp 111–132
Krätzig WB, Meskouris K (1999). Assessment of seismic structural vulnerability as a low-cycle fatigue process. In: Bisch Ph, Labbé P, Pecker A (eds), Proc. 11th Eur Conf Earthq Eng, 161–178, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
Landers J (2004) Combined earthquake, windstorm legislation becomes law. Civil Eng 74(12):10–11
Mileti DS (1999) Desasters by design: a reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Joseph Henti Press, Washington
Munich Re (1993) Winterstürme in Europa. Schadenanalyse 1990 – Schadenpotenziale. Münchner Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, München
Munich Re (2001) Winterstürme in Europa II: Schadenanalyse 1999 – Schadenpotenziale II. Münchner Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, München
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The complete research report has been published as “Schutz von neuen und bestehenden Anlagen und Betriebsbereichen gegen natürliche, umgebungsbedingte Gefahrenquellen, insbesondere Hochwasser”; Authors: Dipl.-Ing. H.J. Warm, Dr. E. Köppke, Prof. Dr. H.H. Bernhart, Prof. Dr. Dr. W.B. Krätzig, Dr. H. Beem; Umweltbundesamt Vorhaben 203 48 362, and will be available on: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/anlagen/publikationen (including a summary in English).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beem, H., Fendler, R. & Krätzig, W.B. Impact of storms and earthquakes on industrial installations – New risk control approaches required?. Nat Hazards 46, 243–256 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9206-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9206-2