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Traffic Equilibrium and Charging Facility Locations for Electric Vehicles

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Abstract

This study investigates the electric vehicle (EV) traffic equilibrium and optimal deployment of charging locations subject to range limitation. The problem is similar to a network design problem with traffic equilibrium, which is characterized by a bi-level model structure. The upper level objective is to optimally locate charging stations such that the total generalized cost of all users is minimized, where the user’s generalized cost includes two parts, travel time and energy consumption. The total generalized cost is a measure of the total societal cost. The lower level model seeks traffic equilibrium, in which travelers minimize their individual generalized cost. All the utilized paths have identical generalized cost while satisfying the range limitation constraint. In particular, we use origin-based flows to maintain the range limitation constraint at the path level without path enumeration. To obtain the global solution, the optimality condition of the lower level model is added to the upper level problem resulting in a single level model. The nonlinear travel time function is approximated by piecewise linear functions, enabling the problem to be formulated as a mixed integer linear program. We use a modest-sized network to analyze the model and illustrate that it can determine the optimal charging station locations in a planning context while factoring the EV users’ individual path choice behaviours.

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Acknowledgments

This research is based on the funding provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation through the NEXTRANS Center, the USDOT Region 5 University Transportation Center, and partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61304197), National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2016YFB0100906), and the Scientific and Technological Talents Project of Chongqing (Grant No. cstc2014kjrc-qnrc30002). The authors are solely responsible for the contents of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NEXTRANS Center, Purdue University, 3000 Kent Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA

    Hong Zheng, Xiaozheng He & Yongfu Li

  2. College of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China

    Yongfu Li

  3. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Srinivas Peeta

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  1. Hong Zheng
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  2. Xiaozheng He
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  3. Yongfu Li
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  4. Srinivas Peeta
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Correspondence to Srinivas Peeta.

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Zheng, H., He, X., Li, Y. et al. Traffic Equilibrium and Charging Facility Locations for Electric Vehicles. Netw Spat Econ 17, 435–457 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-016-9332-z

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