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Drug Abuse and Hepatitis C Infection as Comorbid Features of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Features

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Abstract

Substance abuse and co-infection with hepatitis C (HCV) are two highly relevant determinants of neurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities associated with HIV. Substance abuse and HCV are common in the HIV population and there is increasing evidence that the CNS is directly compromised by these comorbid conditions via additive or synergistic processes. In this article we review the current literature regarding mechanisms of neuronal injury as well as the neuropsychological and neuroimaging signatures associated with substance abuse and HCV status among HIV patients. We discuss specific methodological challenges and threats to validity associated with studies of HIV and comorbid substance use disorders or HCV and review potential strategies for minimizing their confounding effects. Efforts to understand the interactions between HIV, substance abuse and HCV co-infection will lead to more complete models of neuropathogenesis of HIV and a greater understanding of the variability in neuropsychological expression of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.

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Notes

  1. These studies included only SDIs in order to demonstrate that additive effects of HIV could be detected reliably by theory-driven cognitive measures. These findings have paved the way for additional cognitive studies of non-SDI samples that are currently in progress in our laboratory.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Raul Gonzalez and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this article; and Edie Sullivan for her very gracious assistance with our timeline.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Eileen M. Martin-Thormeyer

  2. University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA

    Robert H. Paul

  3. Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA

    Robert H. Paul

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  1. Eileen M. Martin-Thormeyer
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Correspondence to Eileen M. Martin-Thormeyer.

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Supported by grants R01 DA12828 to EMT and 1R03 DA022137 and 5R01 NS052470 to RHP. Both authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Martin-Thormeyer, E.M., Paul, R.H. Drug Abuse and Hepatitis C Infection as Comorbid Features of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Features. Neuropsychol Rev 19, 215–231 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-009-9101-6

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