Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic growth and yield model including environmental factors for Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden short rotation woody crops in Northwest Spain

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A dynamic model consisting of two projection functions, dominant height and basal area, was developed for the prediction of stand growth in Eucalyptus nitens bioenergy plantations aged 2–6 years and with stockings of 2,300 and 5,600 trees ha−1. The data came from 40 permanent sample plots, representing site quality variability across the distribution area of E. nitens crops. Three inventories were carried out to collect tree data and determine stand variables. Additionally, edaphic, physiographic and climatic information were obtained and included in the model. For both functions, an ADA growth model was selected, which achieved high accuracy. The corresponding growth curves developed in this study had values of 5, 8, 11 and 14 m for dominant height and 4, 14, 24 and 34 m2 ha−1 for basal area at the base age of 4 years. The inclusion of environmental factors (i.e. soil and climatic variables) as parameters in the model resulted in good estimations and increased the model’s flexibility to adapt to small variations in site conditions. The model developed here is thus shown to be useful for simulating the growth of E. nitens crops when environmental information is available. A prediction function was fitted for use in stands without diameter inventories or not previously occupied by E. nitens, and including environmental variables improved its accuracy. Biomass mean annual increment varied from 3.25 to 18.45 Mg ha−1 year−1 at the end of the rotation, projected as between 6 and 12 years depending on site quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bailey RL, Clutter JL (1974) Base-age invariant polymorphic site curves. For Sci 20:155–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrio-Anta M, Castedo-Dorado F, Diéguez-Aranda U et al (2006) Development of a basal area growth system for maritime pine in northwestern Spain using the generalized algebraic difference approach. Can J For Res 36:1461–1474. doi:10.1139/x06-028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrio-Anta M, Sixto-Blanco H, De Vinas ICR, Castedo-Dorado F (2008) Dynamic growth model for I-214 poplar plantations in the northern and central plateaux in Spain. For Ecol Manag 255:1167–1178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertalanffy LV (1949) Problems of organic growth. Nature 163:156–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bertalanffy LV (1957) Quantitative laws in metabolism and growth. Q Rev Biol 32:217–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booth TH, Pryor LD (1991) Climatic requirements of some commercially important eucalypt species. For Ecol Manag 43:47–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(91)90075-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bravo F, Álvarez-González JG, del Rio M et al (2011) Growth and yield models in Spain: historical overview, contemporary examples and perspectives. For Syst 20:315–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravo-Oviedo A, Tomé M, Bravo F et al (2008) Dominant height growth equations including site attributes in the generalized algebraic difference approach. Can J For Res 38:2348–2358. doi:10.1139/X08-077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bravo-Oviedo A, Roig S, Bravo F et al (2011) Environmental variability and its relationship to site index in Mediterranean maritime pine. For Syst 20:50–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Breusch TS, Pagan AR (1979) A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica 47:1287. doi:10.2307/1911963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castedo-Dorado F, Diéguez-Aranda U, Barrio-Anta M, Álvarez-González JG (2007) Modelling stand basal area growth for radiata pine plantations in northwestern Spain using the GADA. Ann For Sci 64:609–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ (2001) Three methods of deriving advanced dynamic site equations demonstrated on inland Douglas-fir site curves. Can J For Res 31:165–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ (2002) Comparing fixed- and variable-base-age site equations having single versus multiple asymptotes. For Sci 48:7–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ (2003) Developing a well-behaved dynamic site equation using a modified Hossfeld IV function Y-3 = (ax(m))/(c + x(m-1)), a simplified mixed-model and scant subalpine fir data. For Sci 49:539–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ (2004) GADA derivation of dynamic site equations with polymorphism and variable asymptotes from Richards, Weibull, and other exponential functions. University of Georgia, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ, Bailey RL (2000) Generalized algebraic difference approach: theory based derivation of dynamic site equations with polymorphism and variable asymptotes. For Sci 46:116–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ, Bella IE (1989) Polymorphic height and site index curves for lodgepole pine in Alberta. Can J For Res 19:1151–1160. doi:10.1139/x89-174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cieszewski CJ, Harrison M, Martin SW (2000) Practical methods for estimating non-biased parameters in self-referencing growth and yield models. University of Georgia PMRC-TR 2000-7

  • Clutter JL (1963) Compatible growth and yield models for loblolly pine. For Sci 9:354–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutter JL, Fortson JC, Pienaar LV et al (1983) Timber management: a quantitative approach. Wiley, New York

  • Durbin J, Watson GS (1951) Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. II. Biometrika 38:159–178. doi:10.2307/2332325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1981) El Eucalyptus en la repoblación forestal. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1991) Digitized soil map of the world. Volume 1: Africa. Volume 2: North and Central America. Volume 3: Central and South America. Volume 4: Europe and West of the Urals. Volume 5: North East Asia. Volume 6: Near East and Far East. Volume 7: South East Asia and Oceania. Release 1.0

  • Fischer G, Prieler S, van Velthuizen H (2005) Biomass potentials of miscanthus, willow and poplar: results and policy implications for Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Biomass Bioenergy 28:119–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontes L, Bontemps JD, Bugmann H et al (2010) Models for supporting forest management in a changing environment. For Syst 19:8–29

    Google Scholar 

  • García O (1988) Growth modelling—a (re)view. N Z For 33:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee GW, Bauder JW (1996) Particle size analysis. In: Klute A (ed) Methods of soil analysis: part 1, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 383–411

    Google Scholar 

  • González-García M, Hevia A, Majada J, Barrio-Anta M (2013) Above-ground biomass estimation at tree and stand level for short rotation plantations of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden in Northwest Spain. Biomass Bioenergy 54:147–157. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.03.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-García M, Almeida AC, Hevia A, Majada J, Beadle C (2015) Application of a process-based model for predicting the productivity of Eucalyptus nitens bioenergy plantations in Spain. Glob Change Biol Bioenergy. Under review

  • Harvey AC (1976) Estimating regression models with multiplicative heteroscedasticity. Econometrica 44:461. doi:10.2307/1913974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossfeld JW (1822) Mathematik für Forstmänner. Ökonomen und Cameralisten, Gotha

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumland B, Eng H (2005) Site index systems for major young-growth forest and woodland species in northern California. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Laureysens I, Bogaert J, Blust R, Ceulemans R (2004) Biomass production of 17 poplar clones in a short-rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics. For Ecol Manag 187:295–309. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundqvist B (1957) On height growth in cultivated stands of pine and spruce in Northern Sweden. Medd Fran Statens Skogfoesk 47:1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • McDill ME, Amateis RL (1992) Measuring forest site quality using the parameters of a dimensionally compatible height growth function. For Sci 38:409–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehlich A (1953) Determination of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and NH4. Raleigh, North Carolina Soil Test Division

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers R (1986) Classical and modern regression with applications. Duxbury Press, Masssachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Newnham RM (1988) A modification of the Ek-Payandeh nonlinear regression model for site index curves. Can J For Res 18:115–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ni C, Liu C (2008) Evaluating behaviours of factors affecting the site index estimate on the basis of a single stand using simulation approach. Can J For Res 38:2762–2770. doi:10.1139/X08-095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes L, Patricio M, Tomé J, Tomé M (2011) Modeling dominant height growth of maritime pine in Portugal using GADA methodology with parameters depending on soil and climate variables. Ann For Sci 68:311–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver CD, Larson BC (1996) Forest stand dynamics. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallardy SG, Kozlowski TT (1979) Relationships of leaf diffusion resistance of Populus clones to leaf water potential and environment. Oecologia 40:371–380. doi:10.1007/BF00345333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parresol BR, Vissage JS (1998) White pine site index for the southern forest survey. Res. Pap. SRS-10. US Deparment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville

  • Peech M (1947) Methods of soil analysis for soil-fertility investigations. Department of Agriculture, Washington

  • Pérez S, Renedo CJ, Ortiz A et al (2006) Energy evaluation of the Eucalyptus globulus and the Eucalyptus nitens in the north of Spain (Cantabria). Thermochim Acta 451:57–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Cruzado C, Merino A, Rodríguez-Soalleiro R (2011a) A management tool for estimating bioenergy production and carbon sequestration in Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens grown as short rotation woody crops in north–west Spain. Biomass Bioenergy 35:2839–2851. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Cruzado C, Muñoz-Saez F, Basurco F et al (2011b) Combining empirical models and the process-based model 3-PG to predict Eucalyptus nitens plantations growth in Spain. For Ecol Manag 262:1067–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Cruzado C, Blanco-Souto A, López-Sánchez CA et al (2013) Calidad de estación y productividad en plantaciones forestales de Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden en el noroeste de España. Actas 6o Congr. For. Esp. CD-Rom

  • Pérez-Cruzado C, Sánchez-Ron D, Rodríguez-Soalleiro R et al (2014) Biomass production assessment from Populus spp. short-rotation irrigated crops in Spain. GCB Bioenergy 6:312–326. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pienaar LV, Turnbull KJ (1973) The Chapman-Richards generalization of Von Bertalanffy’s growth model for basal area growth and yield in even—aged stands. For Sci 19:2–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards FJ (1959) A flexible growth function for empirical use. J Exp Bot 10:290–301. doi:10.1093/jxb/10.2.290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Palomares O, Sánchez SF, Carretero-Carrero M (1999) Modelos y cartografía de estimaciones climáticas termopluviométricas para la España peninsular. INIA, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. (2004a) SAS/ETS® 9.1 user’s guide. Cary. NC

  • SAS Institute Inc. (2004b) SAS/STAT® 9.1 user’s guide. Cary. NC

  • Sims REH, Maiava TG, Bullock BT (2001) Short rotation coppice tree species selection for woody biomass production in New Zealand. Biomass Bioenergy 20:329–335. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00093-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari VP, Álvarez-González JG, García O (2014) Developing a dynamic growth model for teak plantations in India. For Ecosyst 1:9. doi:10.1186/2197-5620-1-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomé M, Ribeiro F, Soares P (2001) O modelo Globulus 2.1. Universidad Técnica de Lisboa-ISA, Relatórios Técnico-científicos do GIMREF no 1

  • Trnka M, Trnka M, Fialová J et al (2008) Biomass production and survival rates of selected poplar clones grown under a short-rotation on arable land. Plant Soil Environ 54:78–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White H (1980) A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica 48:817–838. doi:10.2307/1912934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright L (2006) Worldwide commercial development of bioenergy with a focus on energy crop-based projects. Biomass Bioenergy 30:706–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanclay JK (1994) Modelling forest growth and yield: applications to mixed tropical forests. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the company “ENCE (Energía&Celulosa)” for allowing data to be collected from their plantations. We acknowledge the collaboration of CETEMAS and SERIDA field workers. We also thank Ronnie Lendrum for revising the English of the manuscript. Marta González-García was supported by the PhD research fellowship Severo Ochoa from “PCTI-Gobierno del Principado de Asturias”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sustainable Forest Management Area, Wood and Forest Research Technology Centre of Asturias (CETEMAS), Finca Experimental “La Mata” s/n, 33820, Grado, Spain

    Marta González-García, Andrea Hevia & Juan Majada

  2. Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Rosa Calvo de Anta

  3. Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain

    Marcos Barrio-Anta

Authors
  1. Marta González-García
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Hevia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Juan Majada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rosa Calvo de Anta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marcos Barrio-Anta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marta González-García.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

González-García, M., Hevia, A., Majada, J. et al. Dynamic growth and yield model including environmental factors for Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden short rotation woody crops in Northwest Spain. New Forests 46, 387–407 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-015-9467-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-015-9467-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation